Lnc‐ing pluripotency maintenance and early differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells

Abstract

Pluripotency maintenance and lineage differentiation are two major characteristics of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. The determination of self-renewal or differentiation is under the exquisite control of the gene regulatory network, which is composed of transcription factors, signaling pathways, metabolic factors, chromatin or histone modifiers, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. Growing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional gene regulation during the cell fate determination of pluripotent stem cells. Here, we summarize recent reports of lncRNA functions in pluripotency maintenance/exit and the early germ layer specification of human pluripotent stem cells. We also illustrate four major lncRNA functional mechanisms according to different types of cofactors: chromatin or histone modifiers, transcription factors, canonical and noncanonical RNA-binding proteins, and miRNAs. Further understanding of lncRNA-based regulation will provide more insights into the drivers manipulating cell fate and promote the therapeutic and research potential of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.

KSHV episome tethering sites on host chromosomes and regulation of latency-lytic switch by CHD4

“…ChAHP complex was shown to modulate spatial chromatin loop organization locally ( Kaaij et al, 2019 ), and plays essential roles in maintaining accurate cell fate decisions during development by regulating enhancer accessibility ( Arends et al, 2019 ; Ostapcuk et al, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2017 ). Accumulating evidence suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) also play a role in positioning of chromatin binding enzymes, linking local transcriptions with chromatin binding factor recruitments ( Lu et al, 2021 ).…”

Regulation of Metabolic Reprogramming by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer

“…The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) class includes long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), natural antisense transcripts (NATs), transcribed ultraconserved region (T-UCR) and non-coding pseudogenes. lncRNAs regulate stem-cell maintenance and cell differentiation, embryogenesis, X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting and the establishment of epigenetic marks [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

lncRNA ZNF710-AS1 Acts as a ceRNA for miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p to Accelerate Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs by Upregulating the BMP6/Smad1/5/9 Pathway

“…The stemness potential of pluripotent stem cells, as a critical factor in the regenerative field of tissue engineering, is influenced by certain specific lncRNAs 18,19) . Hoxa-AS3 is the first known lncRNA to inhibit the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts.…”