Ln3+ (Ln3+ = La, Nd, Eu, Yb) incorporation in synthetic tourmaline analogues: Towards tourmaline REE pattern explanation

Gem Elbaite as a Recorder of Pegmatite Evolution: In Situ Major, Trace Elements and Boron Isotope Analysis of a Colour-Zoning Tourmaline Crystal

“…It was verified by Zhao et al [30,46]. The recent study of Vereshchagin et al [47] confirmed that Eu 3+ and Nd 3+ occupy the 9coordinated X-site in the tourmaline structure. In this present study, Eu exhibits extremely low concentrations (avg.…”

Iron-bearing to iron-rich tourmalines from granitic pegmatites of the Murzinka pluton, Central Urals, Russia

“…Due to extremely low content, REEs were excluded from PCA diagrams. According to Vereshchagin et al (2021) and van Hinsberg (2011), REEs may occupy both the X and Y sites.…”

Crystal Growth and Complex Characterization of Novel Gallium- and Germanium-Rich Tourmalines: Refinement of the Crystal Structure, Cation Distribution, and Raman and Mössbauer Spectroscopy

“…Continued interest in the members of the tourmaline supergroup and the systematic study of synthetic tourmalines with different chemical compositions ,, is associated with searching for new ways of synthesis and obtaining novel species (in particular, to find the synthetic analogues of possible mineral phases) as well as with the geochemical, geochronological, and geothermometric investigations and behavior of the tourmaline structure at high pressure. − Recently, the problem of growing tourmaline crystals on seed crystals in hydrothermal conditions has been partially solved. , The main difficulties in obtaining large-size tourmaline crystals are typically caused by the complex chemical composition and growth factors, such as low growth rates, predominantly monodirectional growth, high P–T conditions of synthesis, and corrosive solutions. Besides, the growth of tourmaline crystals by melt or flux methods is difficult due to the high viscosity of the aluminosilicate melt and remains challenging for various compositions.…”

“…17,18 Powdered tourmalines are considered potential materials for removing pollutants from the environment, 17,19 garments, medical electro-heating wearable devices, 20 and construction. 21 Continued interest in the members of the tourmaline supergroup and the systematic study of synthetic tourmalines with different chemical compositions 9,22,23 is associated with searching for new ways of synthesis and obtaining novel species (in particular, to find the synthetic analogues of possible mineral phases) as well as with the geochemical, geochronological, and geothermometric investigations 24 and behavior of the tourmaline structure at high pressure. 25−27 Recently, the problem of growing tourmaline crystals on seed crystals in hydrothermal conditions has been partially solved.…”