Ln‐MOF Based Ratiometric Luminescent Sensor for the Detection of Potential COVID‐19 Drugs

Abstract

Countless people have been affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic on a global scale. Favipiravir, has shown potential as an effective drug for SARS‐CoV‐2, attracting scientists’ attention. However, overuse of Favipiravir easily leads to serious side effects, requiring real‐time monitoring in body fluids. Given this, a new lanthanide metal‐organic framework (MOF) was prepared under solvothermal conditions from either Eu (Eu‐MOF or (1)) or Tb (Tb‐MOF or (2)) using the highly delocalized imidazoledicarboxylic acid linker H2L (H2L=5‐(4‐(imidazol‐1‐yl) phenyl) isophthalic acid) and could be successfully applied to selective optical detection of Favipiravir. In this MOF framework, the organic linker H2L provides a high excitation energy transfer efficiency that can sensitize luminescence in lanthanides. In addition, through deliberate tuning of Eu/Tb molar ratio and reaction concentration in the lanthanide framework, ratiometric recyclable luminescent EuxTb1‐x‐MOF nanoparticles with open metal sites have been constructed, which present a high detection sensitivity (Ksv=1×107 [M−1], detection limit is 4.63 nM) for Favipiravir. The detection mechanism is discussed with the help of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations that sheds light over the selective sensing of Favipiravir over other related COVID‐19 drug candidates. Finally, to explore the practical application of Favipiravir sensing, MOF based thin films have been used for visual detection of Favipiravir and recycled 5 times.

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds

“…An MOF-coated five times recyclable thin film was fabricated for the practical application of the sensor. According to the experimental and theoretical observations of the authors, the coordination of favipiravir with the metal ion of the MOF resulted in the electronic charge transfer from the MOF to favipiravir (Figure c) …”

“…According to the experimental and theoretical observations of the authors, the coordination of favipiravir with the metal ion of the MOF resulted in the electronic charge transfer from the MOF to favipiravir (Figure 11c). 115 5.10.2. Oseltamivir.…”

A recyclable MOF@polymer thin film composite for nanomolar on-site fluorometric detection of heavy metal ion and anti-histamine drug and efficient heterogeneous catalysis of Friedel–Crafts alkylation

“…The MOF-based thin-film composite was prepared by adopting a method previously reported in the literature with some modifications. 30 Typically, 200 mg of PVDF and 50 mg of PVP were mixed with 3 mL of DMF and kept under stirring for 2 h. After that, 10 mg of 1′ was added and stirred for 6 h. Then, 500 μL of the obtained suspension was placed on a glass slide with spin coating at 800 rpm for 40 s. Finally, the glass slide was kept at 75 °C in an oven for 2 h to obtain the 1′ @PVDF-PVP thin-film composite.…”

Copper(ii)-MOFs for bio-applications

“…In addition, in some cases there is a strong electrostatic interaction between ionic drugs and charged pores or frameworks. 83 Examples of copper-based MOFs as drug-carrying agents are still few in the literature, although in several of these works the controlled release of therapeutic agents was demonstrated. 84…”