Llamas and Alpacas: Pre-conquest breeds and post-conquest hybrids

Wheeler, Jane C.; Russel, A. J. F.; Redden, Hilary

doi:10.1016/0305-4403(95)90012-8

Cited by 85 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It also is lower than the values reported in the literature for the Andean region (Apomayta and Gutiérrez, 1998;Wheeler et al, 1995). SPAR-CEPES (2005) reported that in 2005, extra-fine fibre contributed 12% of the total alpaca fibres obtained in Peru.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…Lupton et al (2006a) found that young alpacas that received 20% more feed produced more fibre that tended to be slightly coarser. In the Peruvian Andes, there is a general belief that a relationship exists between elevation and alpaca fibre fineness, although this premise has yet to be concretely demonstrated (Wheeler et al, 1995). However, Braga et al (2007) recently reported that within the normal elevation range for alpacas in the Peruvian highlands (4,100-4,700 m), changes in altitude alone would be expected to have little or no effect on alpaca fibre characteristics, but diet might have a major influence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quality characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the Peruvian Andean Plateau region of Huancavelica

Montes¹,

Quicaño²,

Quispe³

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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The quality of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the region of Huancavelica (Peru) is described based on a sample of 203 animals belonging to eight herding communities located between 4,100 and 4,750 m above sea level. The mean fibre diameter, 22.7 μm (SE 0.2), was lower than values reported for Huacaya alpacas from other areas and varied with sex, age, and community origin (P<0.01). In contrast with results from other studies, males had finer fibre than females, but this may be because they represent selected breeding stock brought from Puno and Cusco. No linear relationship was found between fibre diameter and staple length. Further research is needed to better characterise fibre production traits and quantify their economic values prior to establishing a breeding program to improve fibre production in the region. Although conducting this type of research in the Peruvian Andean Plateau might seem difficult, the active participation of alpaca owners and development promoters made it feasible.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the Peruvian Andean Plateau region of Huancavelica

Montes¹,

Quicaño²,

Quispe³

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Fibre analysis has been pursued at sites where £eece has been preserved (Dransart 1991a;Reigadas 1993;Wheeler et al 1995), but the decimation of traditional llama and alpaca breeds at the time of the conquest, and probable subsequent hybridization among the survivors, make inference from phenotypic characters problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca

Kadwell

Fernández²,

Stanley³

et al. 2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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237

125

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The origins of South America's domestic alpaca and llama remain controversial due to hybridization, near extirpation during the Spanish conquest and di¤culties in archaeological interpretation. Traditionally, the ancestry of both forms is attributed to the guanaco, while the vicu·a is assumed never to have been domesticated. Recent research has, however, linked the alpaca to the vicu·a, dating domestication to 6000^7000 years before present in the Peruvian Andes. Here, we examine in detail the genetic relationships between the South American camelids in order to determine the origins of the domestic forms, using mitochondrial (mt) and microsatellite DNA. MtDNA analysis places 80% of llama and alpaca sequences in the guanaco lineage, with those possessing vicu·a mtDNA being nearly all alpaca or alpaca^vicu·a hybrids. We also examined four microsatellites in wild known-provenance vicu·a and guanaco, including two loci with non-overlapping allele size ranges in the wild species. In contrast to the mtDNA, these markers show high genetic similarity between alpaca and vicu·a, and between llama and guanaco, although bidirectional hybridization is also revealed. Finally, combined marker analysis on a subset of samples con¢rms the microsatellite interpretation and suggests that the alpaca is descended from the vicu·a, and should be reclassi¢ed as Vicugna pacos. This result has major implications for the future management of wild and domestic camelids in South America.

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“…These species were shown to have faster rates of sequence evolution [15] and it is known that contrasted substitution rates can severely affect divergence estimate. Rodents are also the most diversified mammals [16]. Using phylogenetic and statistical analyses of molecular and morphological data, it is demonstrated that the ancestral eutherian mammalian placenta had the distinctive features of 1) hemochorial placental interface, 2) a discoid shape, and 3) a labyrinthine maternofetal interdigitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) skin

Bai¹,

Ruiwen²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

ABB

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Ribosomal proteins (RP) has been reported as a central player in the translation system, and are required for the growth and maintenance of all cell kinds. RP genes form a family of homologous proteins that express in the stable pattern and were used for phylogenetic analysis. Here we constructed a cDNA library of alpaca skin and 13,800 clones were sequenced. In the cDNA library, RP genes from skin cDNA library of alpaca were identified. Then 8 RP genes were selected at random and built the phylogenetic trees from the DNA sequences by using parsimony or maximum likelihood methods for molecular and evolutionary analysis of ribosomal proteins. The results showed that the 42 RP genes of alpaca have been expressed in alpaca skin. They were highly conserved. The phylogeny inferred from all these methods suggested that the evolutionary distances of alpaca RP genes were closer to rat.

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Llamas and Alpacas: Pre-conquest breeds and post-conquest hybrids

Cited by 85 publications

References 8 publications

Quality characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the Peruvian Andean Plateau region of Huancavelica

Quality characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the Peruvian Andean Plateau region of Huancavelica

Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca

Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) skin

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Llamas and Alpacas: Pre-conquest breeds and post-conquest hybrids

Cited by 85 publications

References 8 publications

Quality characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the Peruvian Andean Plateau region of Huancavelica

Quality characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre produced in the Peruvian Andean Plateau region of Huancavelica

Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca

Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (&lt;i&gt;Lama pacos&lt;/i&gt;) skin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Ribosomal proteins expression and phylogeny in alpaca (<i>Lama pacos</i>) skin