LLAKEP: A Low-Latency Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol for Energy Internet of Things in the Metaverse Era

Abstract

The authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol can ensure secure communication between a client and a server in the electricity transaction of the Energy Internet of things (EIoT). Park proposed a two-factor authentication protocol 2PAKEP, whose computational burden of authentication is evenly shared by both sides. However, the computing capability of the client device is weaker than that of the server. Therefore, based on 2PAKEP, we propose an authentication protocol that transfers computational tasks from the client to the server. The client has fewer computing tasks in this protocol than the server, and the overall latency will be greatly reduced. Furthermore, the security of the proposed protocol is analyzed by using the ROR model and GNY logic. We verify the low-latency advantage of the proposed protocol through various comparative experiments and use it for EIoT electricity transaction systems in a Metaverse scenario.

Dissecting wireless body area networks routing protocols: Classification, comparative analysis, and research challenges

“…However, some of the concerns need to be taken up through future research for an apt implementation of CR in WBAN and they are interoperability, reliability, physical layer issues, resource management, energy usage, patient movement, and security issues 175,201,202 Internet of Metaverse (IoM) in WBAN: The integration of WBANs is gaining popularity in the field of virtual environments 203,204 . The IoM is an extension of the IoT concept, specifically tailored to the virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) space 205 .…”

“…175,201,202 Internet of Metaverse (IoM) in WBAN: The integration of WBANs is gaining popularity in the field of virtual environments. 203,204 The IoM is an extension of the IoT concept, specifically tailored to the virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) space. 205 IoM can revolutionize how gamers experience virtual and augmented realities.…”

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“…As a result, the metaverse connects the real and digital worlds, allowing people and things to work together more naturally in complicated circumstances. As a 3D interface for IoT, the metaverse will render the real and digital indistinguishable, enhancing our human ability to make better-informed judgments [381]- [389].…”

“…Complex virtual simulation will enable us to run multiple long-term planning scenarios and decide the best designs for our energy, transportation, and healthcare systems, as well as to dynamically operate these techniques as the real-world evolves. The metaverse, enabled by AR and IoT, will set an altogether new standard for work and collaboration, allowing organizations to function at far higher speed and scale [381]- [389].…”

“…Empowering Virtual Humans to better interact with us and offer us quality based services is the ultimate goal of Metaverse. It is the ultimate goal to empower our capacity to learn, to get help if we have disabilities, to prepare us in advance for unexpected events and enable us to answer the question "what will happen if" [381]- [389].…”