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Kazwala, Rudovick; Daborn, C.J.; Kusiluka, L.J.M.; Jiwa, S.F.H.; Sharp, John M.; Kambarage, D. M.

doi:10.1023/a:1005075112393

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The prevalence of M. bovis-infection in cattle demonstrated in the present study is in the same range as demonstrated previously for this region of Tanzania (Shirima et al 2003). The proportion of milk samples resulting in a positive mycobacterial culture (19%) was higher than the proportion of 4% previously reported by Kazwala et al (1998). This is probably because in our study only milk samples from SCITT-reacting animals were taken whereas Kazwala et al (1998) collected milk samples after SCITT-testing from all animals regardless of their SCITT status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The proportion of milk samples resulting in a positive mycobacterial culture (19%) was higher than the proportion of 4% previously reported by Kazwala et al (1998). This is probably because in our study only milk samples from SCITT-reacting animals were taken whereas Kazwala et al (1998) collected milk samples after SCITT-testing from all animals regardless of their SCITT status. All mycobacteria isolated in this study were atypical mycobacteria with limited or no pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

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The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in and around Morogoro, Tanzania

Durnez

Sadiki

Katakweba

et al. 2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in different cattle herd management systems in and around Morogoro, Tanzania. Between April and June 2005, a total of 728 bovines from 49 herds were tested for M. bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses. Milk samples were taken from tuberculin positive animals and analysed for the presence of mycobacteria. Total prevalences of 2.5% and 10.1% were found for M. bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses respectively, with more M. bovis-infection in cattle in the extensive management system and more atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in the intensive management system. From 8 out of 42 milk samples (19%) atypical mycobacteria were cultured. A higher prevalence of M. bovis-infection in the extensive sector could be due to several factors. In addition, such high prevalence puts herd owners and their families at risk for BTB. Therefore control of BTB, as well as education of cattle owners is important, especially in the extensive sector.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in and around Morogoro, Tanzania

Durnez

Sadiki

Katakweba

et al. 2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…This was different from earlier reports, which associate raw milk consumption with extra pulmonary TB [32]–[34]. As indicated earlier, only 1% of the cows with TB excrete tubercle bacilli in their milk [35], which decreases probability of milk transmitting M. bovis to humans.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between Farmers and Cattle in Central Ethiopia

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTransmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex could be possible between farmers and their cattle in Ethiopia.Methodology/Principal FindingsA study was conducted in mixed type multi-purposes cattle raising region of Ethiopia on 287 households (146 households with case of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 141 free of TB) and 287 herds consisting of 2,033 cattle belonging to these households to evaluate transmission of TB between cattle and farmers. Interview, bacteriological examinations and molecular typing were used for human subjects while comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, post mortem and bacteriological examinations, and molecular typing were used for animal studies. Herd prevalence of CIDT reactors was 9.4% and was higher (p<0.01) in herds owned by households with TB than in herds owned by TB free households. Animal prevalence was 1.8% and also higher (p<0.01) in cattle owned by households with TB case than in those owned by TB free households. All mycobacteria (141) isolated from farmers were M. tuberculosis, while only five of the 16 isolates from cattle were members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) while the remaining 11 were members of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). Further speciation of the five MTC isolates showed that three of the isolates were M. bovis (strain SB1176), while the remaining two were M. tuberculosis strains (SIT149 and SIT53). Pathology scoring method described by “Vordermeier et al. (2002)” was applied and the average severity of pathology in two cattle infected with M. bovis, in 11 infected with NTM and two infected with M. tuberculosis were 5.5, 2.1 and 0.5, respectively.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results showed that transmission of TB from farmers to cattle by the airborne route sensitizes the cows but rarely leads to TB. Similarly, low transmission of M. bovis between farmers and their cattle was found, suggesting requirement of ingestion of contaminated milk from cows with tuberculous mastitis.

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“…In general, the program requires culling of reactor animals, standardized diagnostic tests and equipment (automatic antigen applicator and callipers), and training of veterinarians in diagnostic procedures 26 . In 2011, the Brazilian Normative Instruction (IN) 62 28 was established (replacing IN 51) standardizing procedures from production to the marketing of different types of milk in the country, with emphasis on the quality control of raw milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of mycobacteria in bovine milk: an overview

Bolaños

Paula

Guerra

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Tuberculosis remains as the world’s biggest threat. In 2014, human tuberculosis ranked as a major infectious disease by the first time, overcoming HIV death rates. Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of global distribution that affects animals and can be transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw milk, representing a serious public health concern. Despite the efforts of different countries to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, the high negative economic impact on meat and milk production chains remains, given the decreased production efficiency (approximately 25%), the high number of condemned carcasses, and increased animal culling rates. This scenario has motivated the establishment of official programs based on regulations and diagnostic procedures. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are the major pathogenic species to humans and bovines, respectively, nontuberculous mycobacteria within the Mycobacterium genus have become increasingly important in recent decades due to human infections, including the ones that occur in immunocompetent people. Diagnosis of mycobacteria can be performed by microbiological culture from tissue samples (lymph nodes, lungs) and secretions (sputum, milk). In general, these pathogens demand special nutrient requirements for isolation/growth, and the use of selective and rich culture media. Indeed, within these genera, mycobacteria are classified as either fast- or slow-growth microorganisms. Regarding the latter ones, incubation times can vary from 45 to 90 days. Although microbiological culture is still considered the gold standard method for diagnosis, molecular approaches have been increasingly used. We describe here an overview of the diagnosis of Mycobacterium species in bovine milk.

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Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in and around Morogoro, Tanzania

The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis-infection and atypical mycobacterioses in cattle in and around Morogoro, Tanzania

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between Farmers and Cattle in Central Ethiopia

Diagnosis of mycobacteria in bovine milk: an overview

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