LKAB's experimental blast furnace and pellet development

Hallin, Mats; Hooey, Lawrence; Sterneland, Jerker; Thulin, D.

doi:10.1051/metal:2002204

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, a three‐dimensional case for a quarter of a cylinder representing the lower part of a lab‐scale blast furnace is built up. The case dimensions, shown in Figure , are 1 m diameter and

0.8

m height, close to the experimental blast furnaces studied by Hallin et al…”

Section: Mathematical Model and Numerical Solutionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Hydrodynamic analysis of gas‐liquid‐liquid‐solid reactors using the XDEM numerical approach

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiphase reactors are abundantly used in many industries. Among them, few reactors deal with four phases called gas-liquid-liquid-solid systems, which receive less attention due to their complex situation. Numerical study of such complex systems is not easy and requires large computational effort. In this study, a discrete-continuous numerical model known as the eXtended discrete element method (XDEM) is proposed to investigate the hydrodynamic behaviour of fluid phases passing through the packed bed of solid particles. This model is applied to the dripping zone of a blast furnace. In this zone, two distinct liquid phases, namely liquid iron and slag, flow through a pile of coke particles while exchanging momentum. In this work, besides the solid-fluid and gas-liquid interactions, the liquid-liquid interactions are also studied and the phases' mutual effects are discussed. In addition, a sensitivity study on the slag viscosity is performed, which shows the importance of liquid phase properties on the system behaviour. The results evaluation shows that the liquid iron accelerates the downward flow of the slag and the slag decelerates the downward flow of the liquid iron phase due to the resistance force caused by their relative velocity.

show abstract

0.8

m height, close to the experimental blast furnaces studied by Hallin et al…”

Section: Mathematical Model and Numerical Solutionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Hydrodynamic analysis of gas‐liquid‐liquid‐solid reactors using the XDEM numerical approach

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The feasibility of top-charging the briquettes to the BF was evaluated by studying the high-temperature behavior during the descent in the campaign of autumn 2016 in the EBF. Hallin et al 11) presented a thorough description of the EBF. The briquettes were weighed and included in cylinder-shaped steel wire baskets.…”

Section: Basket Samples and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Blast Furnace Sludge to the Blast Furnace via Cold-Bonded Briquettes: Evaluation of Feasibility and Influence on Operation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ore-based steelmaking generates various residues including dusts, sludges, scales and slags. Recycling of these residues within the process or via other applications is essential for sustainable production of steel. In blast furnace (BF) ironmaking, the gas-cleaning equipment generally recovers the particles in the off-gas as dust and sludge. Traditionally, the dry dust is recycled via the sinter or, in the case of pellet-based BF operation, via cold-bonded briquettes and injection. As the BF sludge mainly consists of iron and carbon, this residue is of interest to recycle together with the BF dust. However, depending on how the BF is operated, these two residues are more or less the major outlet of zinc from the furnace. Thus, to limit the recycled load of zinc, both materials cannot be recycled without dezincing the sludge prior to recycling. Dezincing and recycling of the low-zinc fraction of BF sludge via sinter have been reported whereas recycling via cold-bonded briquettes has not been performed. In the present study, cold-bonded briquettes containing the low-zinc fraction of dezinced BF sludge were charged as basket samples to the LKAB Experimental Blast Furnace (EBF). The excavated basket samples from the quenched EBF suggested that additions of up to 20 wt.% of upgraded BF sludge was feasible in terms of reducibility and strength. Based on these results, BF sludge were added to cold-bonded briquettes and charged in industrial-scale trials. The trials indicated that the annual generation of BF sludge, after dezincing, could be recycled to the BF.

show abstract

“…The evaluation of the full-scale trials was conducted by studying changes in generated Briquettes produced using the recipes of Table 2 were also charged as basket samples to the LKAB (a mining company in Luleå, Sweden) Experimental Blast Furnace (EBF). A thorough description of the LKAB EBF has been provided previously [26]. The weight of the briquettes was recorded when preparing the cylinder-shaped steel-wire baskets.…”

Section: Full-scale Trials In the Bfmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic and Experimentally-Based View on Recycling of Off-Gas Dust within the Integrated Steel Plant

Andersson

Gullberg²,

Kullerstedt³

et al. 2018

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ore-based ironmaking generates a variety of residues, including slags and fines such as dust and sludges. Recycling of these residues within the integrated steel plant or in other applications is essential from a raw-material efficiency perspective. The main recycling route of off-gas dust is to the blast furnace (BF) via sinter, cold-bonded briquettes and tuyere injection. However, solely relying on the BF for recycling implicates that certain residues cannot be recycled in order to avoid build-up of unwanted elements, such as zinc. By introducing a holistic view on recycling where recycling via other process routes, such as the desulfurization (deS) station and the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), landfilling can be avoided. In the present study, process integration analyses were utilized to determine the most efficient recycling routes for off-gas dust that are currently not recycled within the integrated steel plants of Sweden. The feasibility of recycling was studied in experiments conducted in laboratory, pilot, and full-scale trials in the BF, deS station, and BOF. The process integration analyses suggested that recycling to the BF should be maximized before considering the deS station and BOF. The experiments indicated that the amount of residue that are not recycled could be minimized.

show abstract

LKAB's experimental blast furnace and pellet development

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrodynamic analysis of gas‐liquid‐liquid‐solid reactors using the XDEM numerical approach

Hydrodynamic analysis of gas‐liquid‐liquid‐solid reactors using the XDEM numerical approach

Recycling of Blast Furnace Sludge to the Blast Furnace via Cold-Bonded Briquettes: Evaluation of Feasibility and Influence on Operation

A Holistic and Experimentally-Based View on Recycling of Off-Gas Dust within the Integrated Steel Plant

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About