Living Outside the Wall: the Quarter of Wattle-and-daub Houses in Old Dongola of the Funj Period

Wyżgoł, Maciej; Deptuła, Agata

doi:10.1163/21915784-20200005

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The materials used were also the main difference between households inhabiting two types of houses attested in Old Dongola-made of mud bricks and wattle-and-daub. Despite the fact that the people who constructed brick buildings and wattle-and-daub houses shared the same idea of how a house should look (see discussion in Wyżgoł and Deptuła, 2020), the lifecycles of the two types of houses were significantly different. The brick houses evidently lasted for three to five generations of dwellers, while the wattle-and-daub ones lasted for only one generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dongolese houses were built using two different techniques, both relying on freely available materials. Without a doubt the most popular building material was sun-dried mud brick (Figure 2), but during excavation a new type of construction, previously unrecognised in this area, was recorded (Wyżgoł and Deptuła, 2020). This building technique uses twigs and mud as the main building material and is known as wattle-and-daub (Figure 3).…”

Section: Dwelling In Old Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wattle-and-daub houses measure on average circa 21 m 2 . Initially, the wattle-and-daub houses appeared to be concentrated in a single quarter outside the city walls (Wyżgoł and Deptuła, 2020). Further evidence showed, however, that they occurred also within the walled area (Obłuski and Dzierzbicka, forthcoming).…”

Section: Dwelling In Old Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer changes could be observed in the area of wattle-and-daub houses outside the city wall, most probably due to their shorter lifespans, but even there abandoned buildings were re-used either as domestic workspaces (U15) or as places of refuse disposal (U27 or U37) (see Wyżgoł and Deptuła, 2020).…”

Section: Dwelling In Old Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assembling a household in the Middle Nile Valley (Old Dongola, Sudan) in the 16th–17th centuries

Wyżgoł

Deptuła

2023

Journal of Social Archaeology

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Old Dongola, with a history reaching back to the 5th century AD, was originally the capital of Makuria, one of the three medieval Nubian kingdoms. After the collapse of Makuria, its capital city saw migratory movements and political changes that resulted in the emergence of new power relations. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was the seat of a local ruler subordinate to the Funj Sultanate. New communities that emerged in this setting inhabited the city until the colonial era. This paper examines the ways in which Funj-period households, as fundamental social units in Old Dongola, were mutually constitutive with houses, engaging with their spatiality and materiality through social practices. The authors investigate domestic labour, which was an essential factor in the negotiation of social differences and identities within the household. Differences in building techniques are analysed to compare various ways in which dwellers engaged with houses and to assess their implications for social differentiation within the city.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dwelling In Old Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dwelling In Old Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dwelling In Old Dongolamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assembling a household in the Middle Nile Valley (Old Dongola, Sudan) in the 16th–17th centuries

Wyżgoł

Deptuła

2023

Journal of Social Archaeology

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“…The wattle-and-daub construction method is a common building material that has existed since ancient times and is characterized by its various forms and manufacturing traditions depending on the country of origin (Chetwin 2007;Singh 2008;Wyżgoł and Deptuła 2020). It is a combination of two indigenous building materials usually employed for wall panels and sometimes in floorings (Sulas et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of 19th Century Lime Mortar on a tabique Pampango (Wattle-and-Daub) from the Philippines

Cayme

2022

GEC

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he chemical characterization of a thick lime mortar coating on a wall construction method in the Philippines called tabique Pampango, or wattle-and-daub method, is reported in this study. The daub material from a 19th century Spanish Colonial Period church convent in Loboc, Bohol, was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and sieve analysis. These analyses demonstrate that the daub material comprises a largely calcitic binder with clay minerals naturally present in the raw material or clayey soils added intentionally. The presence of clay minerals made the binder hydraulic or hardened through added water. Fine-sized aggregates are abundant in the daub material, making it suitable for non-load bearing applications. This study provided a chemical basis on the construction techniques employed during the colonial period in the Philippines that is useful for advancing conservation work and local historical knowledge.

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Households in Transition: Persistence and Change of Dwellings in the City of Old Dongola (Sudan, 14th–17th Century)

Wyżgoł

2024

Afr Archaeol Rev

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The period between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries in Old Dongola, Sudan, marks a significant political and religious transition. The Makurian kingdom collapsed, and in the sixteenth century, the city became subordinate to the Funj Sultanate. Simultaneously, domestic architecture exhibited a high level of uniformity, with urban space dominated by two-room houses clustered in compounds with a shared courtyard. In these transformative conditions, the seeming persistence of household requires explanation. This paper examines residues of human actions, applying a multielemental analysis of domestic floors of four house compounds dated from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. It allowed us to understand domestic space in intensive terms, as created by everyday domestic activities. The analysis of macro- and micro-residues resulted in the identification of various ways particular households engaged with domestic space. In this study, the role of heterogeneous domestic space played in the persistence and changeability of households was discussed, particularly how the striated residential units coded relations of dwellers, while the smooth open spaces had creative potential. Lastly, it is proposed that the temporality of households did not align with the temporality of the political changes in the city.

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Living Outside the Wall: the Quarter of Wattle-and-daub Houses in Old Dongola of the Funj Period

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Assembling a household in the Middle Nile Valley (Old Dongola, Sudan) in the 16th–17th centuries

Assembling a household in the Middle Nile Valley (Old Dongola, Sudan) in the 16th–17th centuries

Chemistry of 19th Century Lime Mortar on a tabique Pampango (Wattle-and-Daub) from the Philippines

Households in Transition: Persistence and Change of Dwellings in the City of Old Dongola (Sudan, 14th–17th Century)

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