“…First, the development of certain intercultural skills, for instance, CCA will, ideally, require real time interaction opportunities with people from other cultures. Since this was not feasible in this IEC course, we recommend offering examples of 'imagined real-time interaction', creating possibilities for 'virtual exchange' in contexts where students do not have the opportunity for face-to-face or virtual intercultural communication, and creating opportunities for perspective taking and simulation through carefully designed activities (Cunico, 2005;Timlin et al, 2021) or through the interpretation of cultural narratives (Kearney, 2012). Second, achieving a comprehensive range of objectives, exemplified in Byram's model, was demanding in this study as not all objectives were easily achievable or transferable to the Chinese EFL context.…”