Living in future ocean acidification, physiological adaptive responses of the immune system of sea urchins resident at a CO2 vent system

Migliaccio, Oriana; Pinsino, Annalisa; Maffioli, Elisa; Smith, Abigail M.; Agnisola, Claudio; Matranga, Valeria; Nonnis, Simona; Tedeschi, Gioacchino; Byrne, Maria; Gambi, María Cristina; Palumbo, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.005

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Although in our study pH significantly influenced respiration rate after 21 days, no significant effects of pH were observed after 40 days of exposure. This suggested that both male and female P. lividus have the potential to acclimate at low pH conditions after prolonged exposure, as already observed for the same species, both in a laboratory 2-months exposure (Cohen-Rengifo et al 2019) and in specimens from CO 2 vents at Ischia Island (Migliaccio et al 2019). Similarly, in other species, namely E. mathaei, Strongylocentrotus fragilis, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and Echinometra sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Do males and females respond differently to ocean acidification? An experimental study with the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Marčeta

Matozzo

Alban

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Seawater pH lowering, known as ocean acidification, is considered among the major threats to marine environment. In this study, post-spawning adults of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were maintained at three pH values (8.0, 7.7, 7.4) for 60 days. Physiological, biochemical, cellular, behavioural and reproductive responses were evaluated in males and females. Significant differences between sexes were observed, with higher ammonia excretion and lower catalase activity in males. Respiration rate (after 21 days), catalase activity in gonads and total coelomocyte count showed the same increasing trend in males and females under low pH. Ammonia excretion, gonadosomatic index and lysozyme activity exhibited opposite responses to low pH, with an increasing trend in males and decreasing in females. Results demonstrated that exposure to low pH could result in different response strategies of male and female sea urchins at a physiological, biochemical and immunological level. Reduced female gonadosomatic index under low pH suggested decreased energy investment in reproduction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Do males and females respond differently to ocean acidification? An experimental study with the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Marčeta

Matozzo

Alban

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In addition, there are several seep environments in each region, providing site replication to further substantiate observations in these unique environments. While physiological studies of organisms inhabiting CO 2 seeps have begun to unravel the effects of chronic pCO 2 stress [111,185], only one study to date has investigated differences in the transcriptome between individuals living within the seep environments and individuals within sites directly nearby the seeps but with ambient conditions [23], although additional proteomic investigations have also been performed [186]. In the transcriptomic study, gene expression of A. millepora individuals and their algal symbionts from two CO 2 seeps and nearby control sites revealed a core expression response associated with individuals living in those extreme environments [23].…”

Section: Evolutionary Potential To Adapt To Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey

2020

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For nearly a decade, the metazoan-focused research community has explored the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, noting that changes in ocean chemistry can impact calcification, metabolism, acid-base regulation, stress response and behavior in organisms that hold high ecological and economic value. Because OA interacts with several key physiological processes in marine organisms, transcriptomics has become a widely-used method to characterize whole organism responses on a molecular level as well as inform mechanisms that explain changes in phenotypes observed in response to OA. In the past decade, there has been a notable rise in studies that examine transcriptomic responses to OA in marine metazoans, and here we attempt to summarize key findings across these studies. We find that organisms vary dramatically in their transcriptomic responses to pH although common patterns are often observed, including shifts in acid-base ion regulation, metabolic processes, calcification and stress response mechanisms. We also see a rise in transcriptomic studies examining organismal response to OA in a multi-stressor context, often reporting synergistic effects of OA and temperature. In addition, there is an increase in studies that use transcriptomics to examine the evolutionary potential of organisms to adapt to OA conditions in the future through population and transgenerational experiments. Overall, the literature reveals complex organismal responses to OA, in which some organisms will face more dramatic consequences than others. This will have wide-reaching impacts on ocean communities and ecosystems as a whole.

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“…A physiological system analysis of P. lividus resident at CO 2 vent and control sites revealed no differences in coelomic acid–base balance, immune cell composition, metabolic rate, nitrogen excretion and skeletal mineralogy, indicating acclimatization of these traits to acidification (Migliaccio et al, ). In contrast, the immune cells, the sentinels of environmental stress responses in sea urchins, had an altered proteomic profile in the vent P. lividus .…”

Section: Insights From Contemporary Environmental Analogues Of Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of cross‐ and multigenerational plasticity for marine invertebrates faced with global climate change

Byrne

Foo

Ross

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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121

109

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Although cross generation (CGP) and multigenerational (MGP) plasticity have been identified as mechanisms of acclimation to global change, the weight of evidence indicates that parental conditioning over generations is not a panacea to rescue stress sensitivity in offspring. For many species, there were no benefits of parental conditioning. Even when improved performance was observed, this waned over time within a generation or across generations and fitness declined. CGP and MGP studies identified resilient species with stress tolerant genotypes in wild populations and selected family lines. Several bivalves possess favourable stress tolerance and phenotypically plastic traits potentially associated with genetic adaptation to life in habitats where they routinely experience temperature and/or acidification stress. These traits will be important to help 'climate proof' shellfish ventures. Species that are naturally stress tolerant and those that naturally experience a broad range of environmental conditions are good candidates to provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in CGP and MGP. It is challenging to conduct ecologically relevant global change experiments over the long times commensurate with the pace of changing climate. As a result, many studies present stressors in a shock-type exposure at rates much faster than projected scenarios. With more gradual stressor introduction over longer experimental durations and in context with conditions species are currently acclimatized and/or adapted to, the outcomes for sensitive species might differ. We highlight the importance to understand primordial germ cell development and the timing of gametogenesis with respect to stressor exposure. Although multigenerational exposure to global change stressors currently appears limited as a universal tool to rescue species in the face of changing climate, natural proxies of future conditions (upwelling zones, CO 2 vents, naturally warm habitats) show that phenotypic adjustment and/or beneficial genetic selection is possible for some species, indicating complex plasticity-adaptation interactions. K E Y W O R D Sadaptation, habitat warming, ocean acidification, phenotypic plasticity, stress resilience | 81 BYRNE Et al.

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Living in future ocean acidification, physiological adaptive responses of the immune system of sea urchins resident at a CO2 vent system

Cited by 56 publications

References 104 publications

Do males and females respond differently to ocean acidification? An experimental study with the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Do males and females respond differently to ocean acidification? An experimental study with the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey

Limitations of cross‐ and multigenerational plasticity for marine invertebrates faced with global climate change

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