Living fast and dying young: A comparative analysis of life‐history variation among mammals

Promislow, Daniel; Harvey, Paul H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x

Cited by 1,034 publications

(848 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Recently, Hochberg et al (1992) investigated in detail with the aid of a mathematical model just how parasites could affect the most fundamental of their host's life-history traits, the time to first reproduction (Promislow and Harvey, 1990). They showed that hosts subjected to virulent parasites and unable to resist by other means [e.g.…”

Section: Nous Proposons Une Revue Des éTudes Portant Sur Les Effets Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic effects on host life-history traits : a review of recent studies

Michalakis

Hochberg

1994

Parasite

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Summary :We review empirical studies bearing on the effects of parasites on the age of maturity of their hosts. The few cases already published support theoretical predictions, namely a decrease of host prereproductive life-span unless parasites are benign. Host responses may be due either to phenotypic plasticity or to genetic differences, and even though very few studies on this topic have already been published both mechanisms occur. Promising areas of research include the distribution of age-specific potential costs of resistance to parasitism, as well as the evolution of age-specific parasite preferences under the concomitant evolution of host lifehistory traits.KEY WORDS : host-parasite interactions, life-history evolution, age at maturity. MOTS CLES : interactions hôtes-parasites, évolution des traits biodémogra-phiques, âge à la maturité. Résumé

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Section: Nous Proposons Une Revue Des éTudes Portant Sur Les Effets Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic effects on host life-history traits : a review of recent studies

Michalakis

Hochberg

1994

Parasite

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“…More generally, harsh, violent conditions are valid cues (not necessarily processed consciously) that it is in one's reproductive interests to allocate energetic and somatic resources to reproductive maturity and mating effort in the short-term, rather than to investments that will redound to fitness only over a longer time horizon [16]. Here, we explored whether this 'live fast, die young' principle [17] explains individual differences in cooperation with a highly cooperative partner and retaliatory defection in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD; figure 1). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harsh childhood environmental characteristics predict exploitation and retaliation in humans

et al. 2013

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Across and within societies, people vary in their propensities towards exploitative and retaliatory defection in potentially cooperative interaction. We hypothesized that this variation reflects adaptive responses to variation in cues during childhood that life will be harsh, unstable and short-cues that probabilistically indicate that it is in one's fitness interests to exploit co-operators and to retaliate quickly against defectors. Here, we show that childhood exposure to family neglect, conflict and violence, and to neighbourhood crime, were positively associated for men (but not women) with exploitation of an interaction partner and retaliatory defection after that partner began to defect. The associations between childhood environment and both forms of defection for men appeared to be mediated by participants' endorsement of a 'code of honour'. These results suggest that individual differences in mutual benefit cooperation are not merely due to genetic noise, random developmental variation or the operation of domain-general cultural learning mechanisms, but rather, might reflect the adaptive calibration of social strategies to local social-ecological conditions.

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“…We predict that, after controlling for body mass: (i) volant species will live longer than non-volant species, because they can more easily evade predators and unfavourable conditions [11 -13]; (ii) nocturnal, crepuscular or cathemeral species will live longer than diurnal species, because species that are active at night or dusk are likely to be harder for predators to detect [12,19]; (iii) species which forage in non-terrestrial environments (i.e. species which feed in trees, water or aerially) will live longer than terrestrial foragers, because they will be more capable of escaping from predators than species that feed on the ground [13,17,20]; and (iv) fossorial (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and mode-of-life explain lifespan variation in birds and mammals

et al. 2014

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Maximum lifespan in birds and mammals varies strongly with body mass such that large species tend to live longer than smaller species. However, many species live far longer than expected given their body mass. This may reflect interspecific variation in extrinsic mortality, as life-history theory predicts investment in long-term survival is under positive selection when extrinsic mortality is reduced. Here, we investigate how multiple ecological and mode-of-life traits that should reduce extrinsic mortality (including volancy (flight capability), activity period, foraging environment and fossoriality), simultaneously influence lifespan across endotherms. Using novel phylogenetic comparative analyses and to our knowledge, the most species analysed to date (n ¼ 1368), we show that, over and above the effect of body mass, the most important factor enabling longer lifespan is the ability to fly. Within volant species, lifespan depended upon when (day, night, dusk or dawn), but not where (in the air, in trees or on the ground), species are active. However, the opposite was true for non-volant species, where lifespan correlated positively with both arboreality and fossoriality. Our results highlight that when studying the molecular basis behind cellular processes such as those underlying lifespan, it is important to consider the ecological selection pressures that shaped them over evolutionary time.

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Living fast and dying young: A comparative analysis of life‐history variation among mammals

Cited by 1,034 publications

References 84 publications

Parasitic effects on host life-history traits : a review of recent studies

Parasitic effects on host life-history traits : a review of recent studies

Harsh childhood environmental characteristics predict exploitation and retaliation in humans

Ecology and mode-of-life explain lifespan variation in birds and mammals

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