Living Alone or With Others and Depressive Symptoms, and Effect Modification by Residential Social Cohesion Among Older Adults in Japan: The JAGES Longitudinal Study

Honjo, Kaori; Tani, Yasuhiro; Saito, Masashige; Sasaki, Y.; Kondo, Katsunori; Kawachi, Ichiro; Kondo, Naoki

doi:10.2188/jea.je20170065

Cited by 55 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thus, our previous ecological observation might reflect not the contextual effect but the compositional effect of community-level social cohesion and reciprocity toward income-based inequality in depressive symptoms ( Haseda et al, 2018 ). The results of the present study were not in line with another study based on JAGES, which suggests that neighborhood social cohesion could alleviate the negative effect of living alone ( Honjo et al, 2018 ). This might happen because the gap of prevalence in depressive symptoms would be wider among different living arrangements than among different income groups, which could indicate the clear protective effect of community-level social cohesion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Community social capital and inequality in depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: A multilevel study

et al. 2018

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Although studies have suggested that community social capital contributes to narrow income-based inequality in depression, the impacts may depend on its components. Our multilevel cross-sectional analysis of data from 42,208 men and 45,448 women aged 65 years or older living in 565 school districts in Japan found that higher community-level civic participation (i.e., average levels of group participation in the community) was positively associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms among the low-income groups, independent of individual levels of group participation. Two other social capital components (cohesion and reciprocity) did not significantly alter the association between income and depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Community social capital and inequality in depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: A multilevel study

et al. 2018

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“…After stratification by gender, odds ratios (ORs) of the presence on outcome were estimated using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, to analyze whether the living arrangement at baseline was associated with the decline in functional capacity after 3 years. The reference category was "with spouse only," based on previous studies [17,30]. The reason for stratification by gender in the analyses is that there was a statistically significant interaction between living arrangement and sex on the outcome (p for interaction = 0.014 in the crude model).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of living arrangement with the decline in functional capacity in elderly people by gender: a longitudinal observational study

Imamura

Uchiyama

Akiyama

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background: The living arrangement has been suggested as an important factor affecting health. Recent studies have also suggested that there was a risk among elderly persons who were not alone. This study examined whether the detailed living arrangement was associated with a future decline in functional capacity in the elderly, by gender, in a Japanese suburban city. Methods: A 3-year longitudinal questionnaire survey (baseline: 2011; follow-up: 2014) for aged 65 years or older was conducted in Kurihara city, Japan. Of the respondents in the baseline survey, we analyzed those who scored 13 points (a perfect score which indicates the highest functional capacity; n = 2627) on the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence at the baseline. The exposure was living arrangement at baseline, divided into five categories: "with spouse only," "living alone," "with child and his/her spouse," "with child without his/her spouse," and "with other family/person." The outcome was the decline in functional capacity at the followup survey (score decreased to 10 points or less from 13 points). Results: Of the 2627 analyzed population, 1199 (45.6%) were men. The incidence of the decline was 5.8% in men and 5.9% in women. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, educational attainment, and health behavior and condition revealed that in women, the odds ratio of the decline was higher in living with child and his/her spouse (2.41, 95% confidence interval; 1.10-5.28) referring to living with spouse only. When adjusting activities inside and outside the home such as housework additionally, the association was attenuated to marginal significance (2.25, 0.98-5.18). No statistical significance was observed in men. Conclusions: These results suggested that living with child and spouse of a child was associated with the future decline in women's functional capacity.

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“…Cohesive communities might help residents to express trust towards their neighbours and to be psychologically healthier. Previous studies have revealed that neighbourhood social cohesion positively affected older people’s subjective well-being,35 36 and that cohesive communities prevented the occurrence of depressive symptoms in older people who lived alone and were at high risk of functional disability 37. Thus, we considered high levels of community social cohesion to be potentially protective against the onset of functional disability via the positive effects on psychological health, such as enhancing subjective well-being and inhibiting depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cohesive community might be helpful in building new connections and encouraging social participation, which may keep men healthier and improve their psychological well-being. Honjo et al reported that rich social cohesion in a community buffered the risk of depression among older men living alone in Japan 37. Thus, community cohesiveness may protect men’s psychological health by helping them to build new connections in the community after retirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older adults in Japan: a multilevel longitudinal study using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) data

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveThe present study examined the association between community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older Japanese people by using validated indicators of social capital and a prospective multilevel design.DesignProspective cohort studySettingWe used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, established from August 2010 to January 2012 in 323 districts.ParticipantsThe target population was restricted to non-institutionalised people aged 65 years or older who were independent in activities of daily living. Participants included 73 021 people (34 051 men and 38 970 women) who were followed up over a 3-year period.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was the onset of functional disability, defined as a new registration in public long-term care insurance system records with a care-needs level of two or above, analysed with multilevel Cox proportional hazards regression models by community social capital (civic participation, social cohesion and reciprocity).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 73.3 years (SD=6.0) for men and 73.8 years (SD=6.2) for women. During the study period, the onset of functional disability occurred in 1465 (4.3%) men and 1519 (3.9%) women. Of three community social capital variables, social cohesion significantly reduced the risk of onset of functional disability (HR 0.910; 95% CI 0.830 to 0.998) among men, after adjusting for individual social and behavioural variables. There was no significant effect among women.ConclusionsLiving in a community with rich social cohesion is associated with a lower incidence of onset of functional disability among older Japanese men.

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Living Alone or With Others and Depressive Symptoms, and Effect Modification by Residential Social Cohesion Among Older Adults in Japan: The JAGES Longitudinal Study

Cited by 55 publications

References 31 publications

Community social capital and inequality in depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: A multilevel study

Community social capital and inequality in depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: A multilevel study

Relationship of living arrangement with the decline in functional capacity in elderly people by gender: a longitudinal observational study

Community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older adults in Japan: a multilevel longitudinal study using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) data

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