Liver-Specific X-Ray Contrast Agents

Krause, W.

doi:10.1007/3-540-46009-8_6

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Another approach could be the reduction in the size of the particles. Small particles are no longer taken up by the liver or the spleen; they keep circulating in the blood, and therefore prolong the activity, as has been described for blood-pool contrast agents [229]. In summary, the mRNA vaccine carrier for cancer immunotherapy, in particular LNPs, needs further consideration to optimize activity and tolerability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mRNA—From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy

Krause¹

2023

Biomedicines

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This review provides an overview covering mRNA from its use in the COVID-19 pandemic to cancer immunotherapy, starting from the selection of appropriate antigens, tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens, neoantigens, the basics of optimizing the mRNA molecule in terms of stability, efficacy, and tolerability, choosing the best formulation and the optimal route of administration, to summarizing current clinical trials of mRNA vaccines in tumor therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mRNA—From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy

Krause¹

2023

Biomedicines

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“…ICM compounds are highly stable in the human body, and nearly 95% of them are excreted within 24 h after injection, with a large amount being discharged into hospital wastewater. As one of the primary contributors to total organic iodine in wastewater, they are chemically inert and cannot be effectively removed during conventional water/wastewater treatment. − Presently, ICM compounds are frequently detected in municipal wastewater and surface water with reported concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 μg L –1 . , The long-term toxic effects of most ICM compounds at low concentrations are still not clear. Among these ICM compounds, diatrizoate (DTZ) is most difficult to remove through activated carbon adsorption due to its highly hydrophilic nature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiourea Dioxide Coupled with Trace Cu(II): An Effective Process for the Reductive Degradation of Diatrizoate

Wang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Diatrizoate, a refractory ionic iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) compound, cannot be efficiently degraded in a complex wastewater matrix even by advanced oxidation processes. We report in this research that a homogeneous process, thiourea dioxide (TDO) coupled with trace Cu(II) (several micromoles, ubiquitous in some wastewater), is effective for reductive deiodination and degradation of diatrizoate at neutral pH values. Specifically, the molar ratio of iodide released to TDO consumed reached 2 under ideal experimental conditions. TDO eventually decomposed into urea and sulfite/sulfate. Based on the results of diatrizoate degradation, TDO decomposition, and Cu(I) generation and consumption during the TDO–Cu(II) reaction, we confirmed that Cu(I) is responsible for diatrizoate degradation. However, free Cu(I) alone did not work. It was proposed that Cu(I) complexes are actual reactive species toward diatrizoate. Inorganic anions and effluent organic matter negatively influence diatrizoate degradation, but by increasing the TDO dosage, as well as extending the reaction time, its degradation efficiency can still be guaranteed for real hospital wastewater. This reduction reaction could be potentially useful for in situ deiodination and degradation of diatrizoate in hospital wastewater before discharge into municipal sewage networks.

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Iodinated X‐Ray Contrast Agents

Krause¹

2014

Iodine Chemistry and Applications

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Liver-Specific X-Ray Contrast Agents

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

mRNA—From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy

mRNA—From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy

Thiourea Dioxide Coupled with Trace Cu(II): An Effective Process for the Reductive Degradation of Diatrizoate

Iodinated X‐Ray Contrast Agents

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