Liver Size Determination in Pediatrics Using Sonographic and Scintigraphic Techniques

Holder, Lawrence E.; Strife, Janet L.; Padikal, Thomas N.; Perkins, Patrick; Kereiakes, James G.

doi:10.1148/117.2.349

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Sonographically, their study showed smaller values than ours. This differ ence is probably the result of the same tech nical reason we discussed with respect to the study of Holder et al [2]. Niederau et al noted that organ sizes increased with height and body surface area in adults.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Somefindings are contradictoryeven within onestudy.Forexample,in the studyof Holder et al [2], which included 185children,sonograph ically measureddimensionsof the liver are an averageof 4 cm smaller than the samedimen sions measured scintigraphically. Our sono graphicallymeasuredliver dimensionsarelarger than those of Holder et al The reason is proba bly their techniqueof measurement.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography.

Konuş¹,

Özdemır²,

Akkaya³

et al. 1998

American Journal of Roentgenology

273

219

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OBJECTIVE. The objectiveof this studywas to determinethe normal rangeof dimen sions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy neonates, infants, and children.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. This prospectivestudyinvolved307 pediatricsubjects (169 girls and 138 boys) with normal physicalor sonographicfindingswho were examined becauseof problems unrelated to the measuredorgans. The subjects were 5 days to 16 years old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. At least two dimensions were ob tamed for each liver, spleen, and kidney. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight, height, and body surface area were investigated. Suggested limits of normal dimensions were defined.RESULTS. Dimensionsof the measuredorganswere notstatisticallydifferentin boysand girls. Longitudinaldimensionsof all threeorgansshowedthe bestcorrelationwith age,body weight, height, and body surface area. Height showed the strongest correlation of all. This correlationwasa polynomialcorrelation.CONCLUSION. Determinationof pathologicchangesin sizeof the liver,spleen,andkid ney necessitates knowing the normal range of dimensions for these organs in healthy neonates, infants, and children. Presented data are applicable in daily routine sonography. Body height should be considered the best criteria to correlate with longitudinal dimensions of these organs. Sonography provides a quick as sessment of visceral organ di mensions without any risk of radiation. The normal range of visceral organ sizes in adults and children determined with sonography has been reported elsewhere [ Iâ€"¿ 13]. However, available data are limited for the liver and the spleen in children, which causes difficulty in defining hepatomegaly and splenomegaly sonographically. Our purposewas primarily to document the normal range of dimensions of the liver in children. The relationship of each dimen sion with sex,age, body weight, height,and body surface area was determined. A similar evaluation was done for the spleen and the kidney at the same time.We prospectively examined 307 pediatric sub jects ( 169 girls and 138 boys) with sonography. The rangeof agewasfrom full-termnewborns (5 days) to 16 years. Patients who did not have normal growth curves (who were not in the third to 97th percentiles)were not includedin the study.Another major criterion for selection of children was having no clinically or sonographically pathologic findings related to the studied organs. Most children were completely healthy. although some were undergo ing follow-up for a disease unrelated to the mea sured organs, such as hip dysplasiaor undescended testes. No child had a history of oncologic, hemato logic, or traumatic conditions. Some children with urinarytract infectionwereincludedin the study, butonly liverandspleendimensions wererecorded inthose patients. Wealsodidnotrecord dimensions of a number of spleens for which abdominal gas distentionpreventedreliablesize measurements.All measured organshada normalpositionandshape and normalecho texture.We used high-resolutio...

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography.

Konuş¹,

Özdemır²,

Akkaya³

et al. 1998

American Journal of Roentgenology

273

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The findings of various similar studies differ somewhat from each other and from our. The organ dimensions of present study are larger than those of Holder et al 15 The reason is probably that they used linear transducers and performed the measurements in a sagittal plane passing through the midpoint of the right and left margins of liver. Linear transducers because of the interposition of lung between the dome of the liver and the anterior abdominal wall, observes some of the superior portion of the liver at times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Our objective in this study was to define the normal limits of organ dimensions for Nepalese children. To the best of our knowledge, our study, which aimed to investigate the normal limits of the liver, spleen, and kidneys, is the first series in the literature to determine the normal limits of organ dimensions among Nepalese children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%