Liver prometastatic reaction: Stimulating factors and responsive cancer phenotypes

Vidal‐Vanaclocha, Fernando; Crende, Olatz; Durango, Cira García de; Herreros‐Pomares, Alejandro; López‐Domènech, Sandra; González, Álvaro; Ruiz-Casares, Eva; Vilboux, Thierry; Caruso, Riccardo; Durán, Hipólito; Gil, Antonio; Ielpo, Benedetto; Lapuente, Fernando; Quijano, Yolanda; Vicente, Emilio; Vidal-Lartitegui, Leticia; Sotomayor, Eduardo M.

doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.001

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…A substantial number of studies has demonstrated that tumor derived factors including cytokines and chemokines drive pre-metastatic niche formation in the distant organ to support the incoming of metastatic tumor cells. The premetastatic niche protects tumor cells from immune attack by cytotoxic lymphocytes, which nullifies the efficacy of immunotherapy and facilitates metastasis [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In fact, not only tumor cells but also parenchymal hepatocytes play a role in regulating liver metastasis.…”

Section: Liver Immune Microenvironment For Crc Liver Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Zeng

Ward

Zhou

et al. 2021

Cancers

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A drastic difference exists between the 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancer patients with localized cancer and distal organ metastasis. The liver is the most favorable organ for cancer metastases from the colorectum. Beyond the liver-colon anatomic relationship, emerging evidence highlights the impact of liver immune microenvironment on colorectal liver metastasis. Prior to cancer cell dissemination, hepatocytes secrete multiple factors to recruit or activate immune cells and stromal cells in the liver to form a favorable premetastatic niche. The liver-resident cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells are co-opted by the recruited cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, to establish an immunosuppressive liver microenvironment suitable for tumor cell colonization and outgrowth. Current treatments including radical surgery, systemic therapy, and localized therapy have only achieved good clinical outcomes in a minority of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis, which is further hampered by high recurrence rate. Better understanding of the mechanisms governing the metastasis-prone liver immune microenvironment should open new immuno-oncology avenues for liver metastasis intervention.

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Section: Liver Immune Microenvironment For Crc Liver Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Zeng

Ward

Zhou

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Recently, the concept of 'histostasis', driven by cancer cell-autonomous properties, has been put forward to explain the morphological resemblance between metastatic tissue and the corresponding primary tumour 84 . As a complement, we propose here to introduce the concept of 'histokinesis', a process driven by cancer cell-responsiveness to instructive host tissuederived signals, such as the pro-metastatic liver reaction 76 , to explain the clear morphological differences between the primary tumour and, for example, replacement-type liver metastases. This is probably a more general biological concept, given the observations of similar growth patterns in, for example, lung metastases 56,[85][86][87] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological growth patterns of liver metastasis: updated consensus guidelines for pattern scoring, perspectives, and recent mechanistic insights

Latacz

Höppener

Bohlok

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The first consensus guidelines for scoring the histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases were established in 2017. Since then, numerous studies have applied these guidelines, have further substantiated the potential clinical value of the HGPs in patients with liver metastases from various tumour types and are starting to shed light on the biology of the distinct HGPs. In the present guidelines, we give an overview of these studies, discuss novel strategies for predicting the HGPs of liver metastases, such as deep learning algorithms for whole slide histopathology images and medical imaging, and highlight liver metastasis animal models that exhibit features of the different HGPs. Based on a pooled analysis of large cohorts of patients with liver-metastatic colorectal cancer, we propose a new cut-off to categorise patients according to the HGPs. An up-to-date standard method for HGP assessment within liver metastases is also presented with the aim of incorporating HGPs into the decision-making processes surrounding the treatment of patients with liver metastatic cancer. Finally, we propose hypotheses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the biology of the different HGPs, opening some exciting pre-clinical and clinical research perspectives.

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“…Some researchers have found that primary CRC tumors can promote the formation of hepatic pre-niches by releasing miRNA-containing exosomes [ 92 ]. Furthermore, the primary tumor’s pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, and angiogenic factors are thought to initiate the formation of the pre-niche [ 93 ], recruiting and mobilizing bone marrow-derived cells, and marrow-derived granulocytic MDSCs to the target metastasis site. MDSCs have been demonstrated to contribute to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis and metastasis through multiple mechanisms [ 94 ]; Wang et al discovered that primary CRC tumors secrete VEGF-A, which stimulated macrophages to secrete CXCL1.…”

Section: The Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Contributing Factors...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular and extracellular factors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a pivotal perplex to be fully elucidated

et al. 2022

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Metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the liver is the most common site of metastasis. Tumor cell metastasis can be thought of as an invasion-metastasis cascade and metastatic organotropism is thought to be a process that relies on the intrinsic properties of tumor cells and their interactions with molecules and cells in the microenvironment. Many studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism and contributing factors involved in CRC liver metastasis for a better understanding of the organ-specific metastasis process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the theories that explain CRC liver metastasis at multiple molecular dimensions (including genetic and non-genetic factors), as well as the main factors that cause CRC liver metastasis. Many findings suggest that metastasis may occur earlier than expected and with specific organ-anchoring property. The emergence of potential metastatic clones, the timing of dissemination, and the distinct routes of metastasis have been explained by genomic studies. The main force of CRC liver metastasis is also thought to be epigenetic alterations and dynamic phenotypic traits. Furthermore, we review key extrinsic factors that influence CRC cell metastasis and liver tropisms, such as pre-niches, tumor stromal cells, adhesion molecules, and immune/inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers associated with early diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of liver metastasis from CRC are summarized to enlighten potential clinical practice, including some markers that can be used as therapeutic targets to provide new perspectives for the treatment strategies of CRC liver metastasis.

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Liver prometastatic reaction: Stimulating factors and responsive cancer phenotypes

Cited by 12 publications

References 83 publications

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Histopathological growth patterns of liver metastasis: updated consensus guidelines for pattern scoring, perspectives, and recent mechanistic insights

Intracellular and extracellular factors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a pivotal perplex to be fully elucidated

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