Liver pathology associated with the use of anabolic‐androgenic steroids

See, Katrine Lydolph; See, Morten; Gluud, Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00560.x

Cited by 163 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…In addition, androgens such as MT are hepatotoxic . Anabolic–androgenic steroids can cause subcellular changes in hepatocytes and the development of peliosis hepatis, hepatocellular adenomas, and hepatocellular hyperplasia, as reviewed in ref . The liver is an important organ that produces cytokines under normal and poor health conditions, perhaps reflecting its role as a vital organ involved in fish defenses .…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Modulates the Immunotoxic Effect of 17α-Methyltestosterone in Nile Tilapia

et al. 2017

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The synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) is profusely used and practically needed in the production of all-male Nile tilapia fry; however, such androgenic hormones badly disrupt the immune system. This study aimed to alleviate or counteract the immunotoxic effect of MT using vitamin C (ascorbic acid or vit C). Our results show that the highest phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme activity were detected in the vit C group and the MT plus vit C group. Furthermore, PA and PI were significantly suppressed, but lysozyme activity was stronger in the MT group than in the control. No differences were detected in the differential leukocyte count among the studied groups. Moreover, vit C obviously reduced the upregulated expression level of the innate immune-related genes, interleukin 1β (il1β), interleukin 8 (il8), tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα), CC-chemokine, Toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7), immunoglobulin M (IgM) heavy chain, and cellular apoptosis susceptibility (cas) induced by MT, excluding tnfα in the liver and CC-chemokine and tlr7 in the kidney. The micronucleus frequency was found to significantly improve in the vit C plus MT group in comparison to that in the MT group. Normal histoarchitecture of the liver, kidney, and spleen was observed in all the groups, except for the frequently observed melanomacrophage centers in the spleen and kidney of the fish that were treated with vit C and vit C plus MT. More importantly, our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of immune-related genes is not necessarily a sign of a stimulated or enhanced immune system.

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Modulates the Immunotoxic Effect of 17α-Methyltestosterone in Nile Tilapia

et al. 2017

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“…5,6 The origin of hepatic adenomas has not been well established yet, but the use of estrogen and androgen-anabolic steroids increases their prevalence, number, and size. 7,8 Isolated hepatic adenoma commonly shows regression with cessation of exogenous steroid use. Other at-risk groups are patients with type I glycogen storage disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Adenomatosis: A Rare but Important Liver Disease With Severe Clinical Implications

Donato¹,

Jahromi²,

Andrade³

et al. 2015

International Surgery

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A 56-year-old white female presented to the emergency room (ER) with acute onset of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and she was found to have a sudden drop in hemoglobin. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) with and without intravenous contrast revealed multiple bilobar focal hepatic hypervascular lesions, one of them demonstrating spontaneous rupture with active intraperitoneal bleeding. A moderate hemoperitoneum was present. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy for right hepatic posterior segmentectomy (right posterior sectionectomy) and peritoneal lavage. The histopathology evaluation revealed multiple liver adenomas. Hepatic adenomatosis is a clinical entity characterized by 10 or more hepatic adenomas. It must be distinguished from isolated hepatic adenoma as it bears a much higher risk of complications, such as spontaneous rupture, hemorrhage and malignant transformation. Here we discuss the radiologic and histopathologic findings of the current case along with a review of the English language medical literature.

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“…However, some mothers may bar fathers from seeing their children for less sympathetic reasons, such as a desire to limit jealousy from a current partner. 22 This is not surprising given the distinct disadvantages facing unmarried fathers, described by Osborne and Ankrum. 18 The second way that marital family law's legal rules harm nonmarital families is by making it harder for parents to maintain a functioning co-parenting relationship.…”

Section: Legal Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be exceptionally difficult in light of family complexity. 20 These laws are also an important tool in fighting poverty, at least for the families receiving child support payments. However, some mothers may bar fathers from seeing their children for less sympathetic reasons, such as a desire to limit jealousy from a current partner.…”

Section: Legal Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Law and Nonmarital Families

Huntington¹

2015

Family Court Review

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Despite the sharp increase in nonmarital childbearing, family law still places marriage at the very foundation of the legal regulation of families. Family law's doctrine draws clear distinctions between married and unmarried couples, which then carries over to the treatment of children. Family law's legal institutions created to oversee the family, particularly upon divorce, are designed for married families that have been formally recognized by the state. And traditional gender norms still inform much of family law's approach to legal regulation, particularly in the conception of legal fatherhood. After establishing that this “marital family law” undermines relationships in nonmarital families, this article proposes reforms to integrate nonmarital families into family law. Identifies legal distinctions between marital and nonmarital families Demonstrates how family law harms nonmarital families Provides a blueprint for reform

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Liver pathology associated with the use of anabolic‐androgenic steroids

Cited by 163 publications

References 48 publications

Vitamin C Modulates the Immunotoxic Effect of 17α-Methyltestosterone in Nile Tilapia

Vitamin C Modulates the Immunotoxic Effect of 17α-Methyltestosterone in Nile Tilapia

Hepatic Adenomatosis: A Rare but Important Liver Disease With Severe Clinical Implications

Family Law and Nonmarital Families

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