Liver-kidney microsomal antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis in the United States

Bogdanos, D.P.; Mieli‐Vergani, Giorgina; Vergani, Diego

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05382.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…ANA and SMA are serological markers of a specific form of hAIH, namely type 1 AIH [ 8 , 45 – 49 ]. The pathognomonic autoantibodies for the second form of hAIH are those known as anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies type 1 (anti-LKM-1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) [ 25 , 26 , 50 ]. Notably, the AIH-2-specific anti-LKM-1 and anti-LC-1 antibodies can be found in 2–12 % of chronic hepatitis C virus infected patients, and this has prompted investigators to suggest that HCV is a likely cause of AIH-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunopathogenetic role of autoantibodies in canine autoimmune hepatitis: lessons to learn from human autoimmune hepatitis

Liaskos¹,

Mavropoulos²,

Orfanidou³

et al. 2012

Autoimmun Highlights

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is not a disease entity restricted to man, but it can be found in other animals including canines. An increasing number of studies have focused on the immunopathogenesis of human autoimmune hepatitis (hAIH), but little is known of what triggers canine autoimmune hepatitis (cAIH). Several drugs, toxins, microbial and viral agents are able to induce autoantibodies and indeed immune-mediated chronic canine hepatitis with immunological and serological features similar of those seen in the human disease. We discuss the features of cAIH paying attention to the autoantibody profile of the disease in comparison to that seen in hAIH. We also discuss the immunomodulatory role of specific molecular signaling pathways such as those mediated by tumor growth factor and p38 mitogen-activated kinase in the induction of AIH, and the potential of these molecules to act as targets of specialized immunotherapeutic interventions. Review of the literature indicates that we have more to learn for the delineation of autoantibody profile and the antigen-specific immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cAIH from the human disease, rather than the other way around.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunopathogenetic role of autoantibodies in canine autoimmune hepatitis: lessons to learn from human autoimmune hepatitis

Liaskos¹,

Mavropoulos²,

Orfanidou³

et al. 2012

Autoimmun Highlights

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“…Worryingly, the cost per test seems a major reason for arbitrary elevation of cut-off points in routine practice: selecting 1:80 or even 1:160 as a screening dilution expands the number of "negatives" albeit reducing or eliminating the need for re-testing. In patients with AiLD and relatively low autoantibody titres, such as children with AIH, a report that is inaccurately indicative of negativity for autoantibodies can delay diagnosis and, harmfully, defer treatment [76,147] . Hence rigorously performed autoantibody testing may in fact provide a more economical report than a "false negative" one if such leads the clinician to order additional costly diagnostic procedures.…”

Section: Emerging Issues: Diagnostic Accuracy Quality Assurance and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its identification has enabled the establishment of assays based on the use of recombinant antigens which have proven useful in solving diagnostic uncertainties between AMA and anti-LKM1 [1,60,76] . Such ELISAs, however, are not always able to detect anti-LKM1 antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection whereas IFL and radioligand assays can do so possibly because of their ability to identify conformational epitopes undetectable by ELISA [77][78][79][80] .…”

Section: Lkm1 Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune liver serology: Current diagnostic and clinical challenges

Bogdanos¹,

Invernizzi²,

Mackay³

et al. 2008

WJG

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193

170

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Liver-related autoantibodies are crucial for the correct diagnosis and classification of autoimmune liver diseases (AiLD), namely autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2 (AIH-1 and 2), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and the sclerosing cholangitis variants in adults and children. AIH-1 is specified by anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and smooth muscle antibody (SMA). AIH-2 is specified by antibody to liver kidney microsomal antigen type-1 (anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1). SMA, ANA and anti-LKM antibodies can be present in de-novo AIH following liver transplantation. PBC is specified by antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) reacting with enzymes of the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes (chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit) and disease-specific ANA mainly reacting with nuclear pore gp210 and nuclear body sp100. Sclerosing cholangitis presents as at least two variants, first the classical primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) mostly affecting adult men wherein the only (and nonspecific) reactivity is an atypical perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), also termed perinuclear anti-neutrophil nuclear antibodies (p-ANNA) and second the childhood disease called autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC) with serological features resembling those of type 1 AIH. Liver diagnostic serology is a fast-expanding area of investigation as new purified and recombinant autoantigens, and automated technologies such as ELISAs and bead assays, become available to complement (or even compete with) traditional immunofluorescence procedures. We survey for the first time global trends in quality assurance impacting as it does on (1) manufacturers/purveyors of kits and reagents, (2) diagnostic service laboratories that fulfill clinicians' requirements, and (3) the end-user, the physician providing patient care, who must properly interpret test results in the overall clinical context.

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The Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Vierling

2011

Autoimmune Hepatitis

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Liver-kidney microsomal antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis in the United States

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

The immunopathogenetic role of autoantibodies in canine autoimmune hepatitis: lessons to learn from human autoimmune hepatitis

The immunopathogenetic role of autoantibodies in canine autoimmune hepatitis: lessons to learn from human autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune liver serology: Current diagnostic and clinical challenges

The Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis

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