Liver Fat in the Metabolic Syndrome

Kotronen, Anna; Westerbacka, Jukka; Bergholm, Robert; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.; Yki‐Järvinen, Hannele

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0482

Cited by 384 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Europe, a gradi ent of increasing prevalence from north to south has been described for most forms of chronic viral or non viral hepatitis, but this observation does not hold true for NAFLD. Rather, the globalization of NAFLD runs parallel to the prevalence of obesity and varies accord ingly, with degree of hepatic triglyceride accumulation being directly proportional to the severity of each ele ment of the metabolic syndrome 25 Data from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort in northeastern Germany estimates the preva lence of NAFLD to be ~30% when diagnosed by ultra sonography 26 . A UK based community study deter mined that NAFLD was the most common aetiology for asymptomatic abnormal liver biochemistry, accounting for 26.4% of cases (of whom 7.6% were predicted to have advanced liver disease) 27 .…”

Section: Nafld In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention

Younossi

Anstee

Marietti³

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

3,681

2,808

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Section: Nafld In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention

Younossi

Anstee

Marietti³

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

3,681

2,808

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“…They are frequently the sole evidence of a totally asymptomatic disease, and are the most common reason for specialist consultation. The amount of liver fat is proportional to the number of features of the metabolic syndrome and is closely correlated with serum liver enzyme levels [7], which are subject to large inter-individual variability. On average, patients with NAFLD are more likely to have excess intraabdominal visceral fat and inflammatory changes in adipose tissue [8]; fat accumulation in the liver rather than in skeletal muscle is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome [9].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Natural History Of Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causal effect or epiphenomenon?

2008

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), comprising a spectrum of conditions ranging from pure steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, has reached epidemic proportions and represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the community. The prevalence of NAFLD has been estimated to be between 20% and 30% in the general population, but this value is much higher (∼70-80%) in type 2 diabetic patients, who are also at higher risk of developing advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Increasing recognition of the importance of NAFLD and its strong relationship with the metabolic syndrome has stimulated an interest in the possible role of NAFLD in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD, especially in its more severe forms, is linked to an increased risk of CVD, independently of underlying cardiometabolic risk factors. This suggests that NAFLD is not merely a marker of CVD, but may also be actively involved in its pathogenesis. The possible molecular mediators linking NAFLD and CVD include the release of pro-atherogenic factors from the liver (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and other inflammatory cytokines) as well as the contribution of NAFLD per se to whole-body insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia, in turn favouring CVD progression. The clinical impact of NAFLD on CVD risk deserves particular attention in view of the implications for screening and surveillance strategies in the growing number of patients with NAFLD.

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“…Many different factors contribute, including marked hormonal changes,2 changes in metabolic profile associated with increased risk of the metabolic syndrome,3 and relative increase in intra‐abdominal fat with age 4. Accumulation of intra‐abdominal fat is associated with increased waist circumference and liver fat,5 overproduction of very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased catabolism of apolipoprotein (apo)B‐containing particles in men 6. The catabolism of apoB‐containing particles is partly determined by plasma apoC‐III concentrations, and higher plasma apoC‐III has been associated with dyslipidemia in obese men 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopausal Status and Abdominal Obesity Are Significant Determinants of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Women

Hodson

Banerjee

Rial

et al. 2015

JAHA

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BackgroundAndroid fat distribution (abdominal obesity) is associated with insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and greater secretion of large very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles in men. Since abdominal obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in women, we aimed to investigate the relationship between android fat and hepatic lipid metabolism in pre‐ and postmenopausal women.Methods and ResultsWe used a combination of stable isotope tracer techniques to investigate intrahepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning in 29 lean and 29 abdominally obese women (android fat/total fat 0.065 [0.02 to 0.08] and 0.095 [0.08 to 0.11], respectively). Thirty women were premenopausal aged 35 to 45 and they were matched for abdominal obesity with 28 postmenopausal women aged 55 to 65. As anticipated, abdominal obese women were more insulin resistant with enhanced hepatic secretion of large (404±30 versus 268±26 mg/kg lean mass, P<0.001) but not small VLDL (160±11 versus 142±13). However, postmenopausal status had a pronounced effect on the characteristics of small VLDL particles, which were considerably triglyceride‐enriched (production ratio of VLDL 2‐ triglyceride:apolipoprotein B 30±5.3 versus 19±1.6, P<0.05). In contrast to postmenopausal women, there was a tight control of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride production in premenopausal women, whereby oxidation (r s=−0.49, P=0.006), de novo lipogenesis (r s=0.55, P=0.003), and desaturation (r s=0.48, P=0.012) were closely correlated with abdominal obesity‐driven large VLDL‐triglyceride secretion rate.ConclusionsIn women, abdominal obesity is a major driver of hepatic large VLDL particle secretion, whereas postmenopausal status was characterized by increased small VLDL particle size. These data provide a mechanistic basis for the hyperlipidemia observed in postmenopausal obesity.

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Liver Fat in the Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract: Liver fat content is significantly increased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome as compared with those without the syndrome, independently of age, gender, and body mass index. Of other markers, serum C-peptide is the strongest correlate of liver fat.

Cited by 384 publications

References 37 publications

Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention

Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causal effect or epiphenomenon?

Menopausal Status and Abdominal Obesity Are Significant Determinants of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Women

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