Liver diseases in horses

Gehlen, H; May, A.; Venner, Monica

doi:10.21836/pem20100501

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Suspected causes for CGID are pyloric stenosis (for example through fibrosis as a result of prolonged mural inflammation), decreased motility through neuron degeneration), gastric ulcers, gastric tumours, indigestible feedstuffs, chronic consumption of feed with high fibre content, and dental problems (Müller et al 1995, Huskamp et al 2006. Motility disorders with secondary gastric impaction and dilatation have also been reported in association with primary liver disease and hyperammonaemia (McGorum et al 1999, Gehlen et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic gastric impaction and dilatation in horses: Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and pathologic findings – A case series

Klier¹,

Blutke²,

Emrich³

et al. 2017

PHK

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Summary: The aim of this study was to summarize and evaluate clinical appearance, laboratory parameters, special ancillary diagnostic tests, treatments and post-mortem pathological findings of chronic gastric impaction and dilatation in horses. Chronic gastric impaction and dilatation is a rare, progressive disease, which is usually detected in its advanced stage. Its aetiology has not yet been fully clarified. Acute primary gastric impaction (from excess volume intake) and secondary gastric impaction (from reflux from the small intestine) must be differentiated from chronic gastric impaction and dilatation. Suspected causes of chronic gastric impaction and dilatation include pyloric stenosis, gastric ulcers, gastric tumours, indigestible feed, feed with high fibre content and dental problems. Motility disorders with resulting gastric impaction and dilatation have also been described in the context of liver diseases. Additional theories suggest damage to the vagus nerve or the intramural nervous system of the stomach and aplasia of the autonomous ganglia of the myenteric and submucosal plexus. It is a retrospective case study of four cases of chronic gastric impaction and dilatation between 2010 and 2013 concerning clinical appearance, laboratory parameters, ancillary diagnostic tests, treatment options and post-mortem pathological findings. For comparison, an additional case of delayed gastric emptying with successful conservative treatment is presented. In one case, nerve degeneration was confirmed and could possibly explain the chronic gastric impaction. A recurrent finding was the adaptive enlargement of the stomach with significant thinning of the muscularis, which was evident in all cases. This is likely to be the result of chronic dilation with a gradually prolonged filling of the stomach leading to 'stretching' of the stomach wall and therefore also a loss of motility, which could be equated to dilated cardiomyopathy, where cardiac output volume decreases with dilation. Gross pathology revealed greatly enlarged stomachs with dry impacted feed material of 43 kg, 46 kg and 108 kg. The treatment options for the disease, whether conservative or surgical depend on the severity and cause of the gastric impaction, and are said to have a very poor or unfavourable prognosis. Chronic gastric impaction can lead to a rupture of the stomach and therefore the prognosis is generally suspected to be grave. Perhaps early identification of delayed gastric emptying and chronic gastric impaction via repetitive gastroscopy could allow for a more successful treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic gastric impaction and dilatation in horses: Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and pathologic findings – A case series

Klier¹,

Blutke²,

Emrich³

et al. 2017

PHK

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“…The second type, hepatogenous photosensitization, is a consequence of liver diseases caused through liver-toxic plant components [18] or fungi [19]. The damaged liver can no longer excrete photoactive phylloerythrin, a by-product of bacterial digestion of chlorophyll, through the bile [20]. Instead, it accumulates in blood and skin where it causes a range of typical photosensitization symptoms [2].…”

Section: Type Of Photosensitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice

Aboling¹,

Moritz²

2023

Preprint

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As most prominent plant-associated disease, photosensitization in large herbivores provides a substantial data base to evaluate the conditions under which animals are concerned. The purpose of this meta study was to investigate whether the level of feed plant diversity and feed choice influence the incidence of photosensitization. Case reports from 1900 to 2022 served as database. 113 publications described 178 cases of altogether 12 animal species, most of them being farm animals. 73.6% of the cases originated from three continents: South America, Australia and North-America. Of the 40 phototoxic agents, herbs represented the majority (63.6%). Brachiaria, Froelichia and other four genus were associated in almost 50% of the cases. Usually, animals received feed both of normal quality and in fresh state. Secondary photosensitization was most frequent only when associated with poor feed quality. If the animals had had access to high-diversity feed instead of low-diversity feed, the incidence was 27.5% smaller. If the animals had the choice between various kind of feed, the incidence was even reduced by 56.1%. Horses could select the least, however, suffered mainly from primary photosensitization. We conclude that farmers may prevent photosensitization in husbandry animals by allowing both more feed choice and feed diversity.

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“…The level of serum GLDH activity was not correlated to the presence of a hepatopathy and was without any prognostic value (Durham et al 2003a/b). Activation of liver metabolism due to various causes might be responsible for an increase of serum liver enzymes in clinically healthy horses (Gehlen et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monthly changes of standard serum liver parameters of clinically healthy horses over a period of 24 months

Gabe¹,

Fedtke²,

Pankraz³

et al. 2018

PHK

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Summary: Horses that are in good health sometimes reveal in routine blood screenings increased serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutamate-dehydrogenase (GLDH) as well as aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) without any corresponding clinical signs. For that reason, the aim of this study was to assess physiological changes of standard serum liver parameters in a population of normal warmblood horses in training over a period of 24 months. The study was conducted between March 2012 and February 2014. The study population consisted of 14 clinically healthy warmblood horses that were used as police horses. Body weight, body condition score and nutrition history were assessed monthly. The nutrient supply was calculated by ration formulation. Throughout the study feed samples of hay, straw, oats and complementary feeds were obtained on a monthly basis as well as blood samples (n = 334). A complete blood count was performed. The clinical chemistry panel consisted of serum hepatic enzyme activity evaluation including GGT, GLDH, AST as well as the analysis of total bilirubin, bile acids, total protein and albumin. The median hematological parameter as the median serum concentrations of bilirubin, bile acids, total protein and albumin were within the upper reference ranges. In certain months the median activities of AST, GGT and GLDH exceeded the upper reference limits. Furthermore, significant seasonal fluctuations (p < 0.05) of bile acids, AST, GGT and GLDH were assessed.

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Liver diseases in horses

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Chronic gastric impaction and dilatation in horses: Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and pathologic findings – A case series

Chronic gastric impaction and dilatation in horses: Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and pathologic findings – A case series

Incidence of Photosensitization in Husbandry Animals: A Meta Study on the Effects of Feed Diversity and Feed Choice

Monthly changes of standard serum liver parameters of clinically healthy horses over a period of 24 months

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