Liver DCs in health and disease

Wirtz, Theresa H.; Brandt, Elisa Fabiana; Berres, Marie‐Luise

doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.001

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In addition, significant correlations were also observed between expression of these genes and diverse markers of Th1, Th2, and DCs in HCC. A previous study had shown that a dysfunctional immune defense is partly related to intrahepatic DCs [ 30 ]. In general, the results indicate that CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 might participate in the recruitment and regulation of infiltration cells in the immune microenvironment, which would lead to immune escape in HCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDK1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 are Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Background Orderly G2/M transition in the cell cycle is controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B (CDK1/CCNB) complex. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the roles of CDK1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 via multi-omics analysis and their relationships with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material/Methods The transcriptional data and the epigenetic and genetic alterations of CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 , as well as their impacts on prognosis in HCC patients, were identified using multiple databases. The correlations between expression of these genes and immune infiltration in HCC were then explored using the TIMER database. Results Overall, mRNA expression of CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 was up-regulated in various tumor tissues including HCC. Higher expression of these genes was associated with poorer prognosis in HCC patients. Lower promoter methylation of these genes might cause higher expression levels in tumor tissues of HCC. Genetic alterations and several methylated-CpG sites in these genes were significantly associated with survival. Notably, expression levels of CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 were positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in HCC. In addition, significant correlations between the expression of these genes and various immune markers in HCC, such as PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4, were also observed. Conclusions CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 are potential prognostic biomarkers and associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC. The genes may be utilized to predict the reaction of immunotherapy. Combining inhibitors of these genes with immunotherapy may improve the survival time of HCC patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDK1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 are Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

et al. 2020

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“…Further, the myeloid HDCs are sub-grouped into mHDC1 (type 1, DC103+/CD11b-) and mHDC2 (type 2, DC 103-/CD11b+) cells (22,45). A HDCs subtypes ( Table 1) containing mixed features of the myeloid and lymphoid subtypes (54)(55)(56)(57)(58), and a subset called natural killer DCs (59) have been recently characterized. Finally, the DCs expressing CX3CR1 contribute to sustained inflammation in mice with diet-induced metabolic steatohepatitis (60).…”

Section: Dendritic Cells and Mafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Dendritic Cells in the Development and Progression of Metabolic Steatohepatitis

et al. 2021

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Metabolic Associated Fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health problem and represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. MAFLD spectrum goes from simple steatosis to cirrhosis, in between metabolic steatohepatitis with progressive fibrosis, which pathogenesis is not completely understood. Hence, the role of the immune system has become an important fact in the trigger of inflammatory cascades in metabolic steatohepatitis and in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Among, the more studied immune cells in the pathogenesis of MAFLD are macrophages, T cells, natural killer and dendritic cells. In particular, hepatic dendritic cells had recently attracted a special attention, with a dual role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. These cells have the capacity to switch from a tolerant state to active state inducing an inflammatory cascade. Furthermore, these cells play a role in the lipid storage within the liver, having, thus providing a crucial nexus between inflammation and lipid metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the dual role of dendritic cells in lipid accumulation, as wells as in the triggering of hepatic inflammation and hepatocytes cell death in metabolic steatohepatitis.

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“…Finally, even in adults, the liver is rarely severely affected and this may be because it has a very tolerogenic microenvironment, with an abundance of regulatory cells such as Tregs, Bregs and tolerogenic dendritic cells along with the immunosuppressive cytokines they produce e.g., IL-10, IL-35, and TGFB (42)(43)(44). This may underpin its resilience to COVID-19 infection in addition to or despite of the predominance of ACE2 expression found on cholangiocytes and to a lesser extent, hepatocytes (45,46).…”

Section: Immune Aspects Of Covid-19 In Children With Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Children With Liver Disease

et al. 2021

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Background: The global pandemic caused by novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) is a major threat to the general population and for patients with pre-existing chronic conditions. We report data concerning SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with chronic liver disease (CLD).Methods: A literature review using the online database PubMed was performed to summarize available findings on the association between pre-existing liver disease and COVID-19 infection in children.Results: Children with COVID-19 have preserved effector and immunosuppressive components resulting in a milder disease compared to adults. The most common hepatic manifestation is an elevation of hepatic transaminases. Liver damage may be directly caused by viral infection of liver cells, by medications or by the chronic hypoxia seen in COVID-19 patients. A multicenter study reported that the majority of children with a CLD remained healthy during the outbreak. Similarly, studies reported that children on immunosuppressive treatment, including patients with autoimmune liver disease (AILD) and liver transplantation (LT), maintained good health during the outbreak without experiencing major complications even if infected with COVID-19.Conclusion: COVID-19-related liver injury presents with a mild elevation of transaminases, although its clinical significance is unclear. Children with CLD, including those with AILD and post-LT, do not have an increased risk for severe disease course of SARS-CoV-2 infection with little or no liver dysfunction. These data highlight the necessity to ensure normal standards of care while adhering to national Covid-19 guidelines, and particularly to maintain immunosuppressive medication to prevent relapse or rejection. Further research is required to evaluate the differences in clinical course between immunosuppressed adults and children and in particular whether asymptomatic infection is a concern.

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Liver DCs in health and disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 118 publications

CDK1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 are Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

CDK1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 are Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatic Dendritic Cells in the Development and Progression of Metabolic Steatohepatitis

COVID-19 in Children With Liver Disease

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