Liver cancer risk, coffee, and hepatitis C virus infection: a nested case–control study in Japan

Wakai, Kenji; Kurozawa, Youichi; Shibata, Akira; Fujita, Yuki; Kotani, Kazuhiko; Ogimoto, Itsuro; Naito, Mariko; Nishio, Kenji; Sano, Hiroshi; Yoshimura, Takesumi; Tamakoshi, Akiko

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603891

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A growing number of epidemiologic studies have observed a reduced risk of liver cancer with increased consumption of coffee (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and several meta-analyses have provided confirmation (16,17). Although several of the case-control (10,11,(13)(14)(15) and nested case-control (8, 9) studies took HCV or HBV infection status into consideration, most adjusted for HCV or HBV infection status in the model, and only a few observed risk among those who were HCV or HBV infection positive (8,10,13,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although an association between these beverages and liver cancer has been speculated (2,3), epidemiologic evidence is insufficient (4) and varies by beverage. Several cohort and case-control studies (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and meta-analyses (16,17) have reported a significant inverse association between coffee consumption and liver cancer, but none of these considered hepatitis virus infection status. Meanwhile, epidemiologic evidence for the association between green tea consumption and liver cancer is sparse (10,14,18), and little is known about its effects on liver cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For both beverages, few studies have taken account of hepatitis virus infection status in evaluating risk (8,10,11,(13)(14)(15), although hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections are the most important risk factors of liver cancer (19). This problem is particularly prominent in cohort studies having no baseline data on hepatitis virus infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Coffee and Green Tea Consumption on the Risk of Liver Cancer: Cohort Analysis by Hepatitis Virus Infection Status

Inoue¹,

Kurahashi²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

101

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In spite of their anticarcinogenic potential, the effect of coffee and green tea consumption on the risk of liver cancer has not been clarified prospectively in consideration of hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV) infection. We examined whether coffee and green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer by hepatitis virus infection status in the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort II. A total of 18,815 subjects ages 40 to 69 years participating in a questionnaire and health checkup survey in 1993 to 1994 were followed for the incidence of liver cancer through 2006. A total of 110 cases of liver cancer were newly documented. Hazard ratios for coffee and green tea consumption categories were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model. Compared with almost never drinkers, increased coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer in all subjects (hazard ratio for <1, 1-2, and ≥3 cups/d; P trend = 0.67, 0.49, 0.54, and 0.025). A similar risk tendency was observed in those with either or both HCV and HBV infection. In contrast, no association was observed between green tea consumption and the risk of liver cancer in all subjects. Our results suggest that coffee consumption may reduce the risk of liver cancer regardless of HCV and HBV infection status, whereas green tea may not reduce this risk. (Cancer Epidemiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Coffee and Green Tea Consumption on the Risk of Liver Cancer: Cohort Analysis by Hepatitis Virus Infection Status

Inoue¹,

Kurahashi²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

101

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“…In various studies including a large prospective study, patients with HCV-related liver disease with a regular coffee consumption show a lower rate of disease progression such as hepatic fibrosis [131][132][133] and HCC [134][135][136][137][138] . Recently, it was also reported that more than 3 cups per day coffee drinkers are three times more likely to have a virological response to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment than non-drinkers [139] .…”

Section: Coffee Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance and chronic liver disease

Kawaguchi

Taniguchi²,

Itou³

et al. 2011

WJH

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Increased insulin resistance is frequently associated with chronic liver disease and is a pathophysiological feature of hepatogenous diabetes. Distinctive factors including hepatic parenchymal cell damage, portalsystemic shunting and hepatitis C virus are responsible for the development of hepatogenous insulin resistance/ diabetes. Although it remains unclear whether insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is impaired as it is in type 2 diabetes, retinopathic and cardiovascular risk is low and major causes of death in cirrhotic patients with diabetes are liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hemoglobin A1c is an inaccurate marker for the assessment and management of hepatogenous diabetes. Moreover, exogenous insulin or sulfonylureas may be harmful because these agents may promote hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, pathogenesis, cause of death, assessment and therapeutic strategy for hepatogenous insulin resistance/diabetes differ from those for lifestyle-related type 2 diabetes. In this article, we review features of insulin resistance in relationship to chronic liver disease. We also discuss the impact of anti-diabetic agents on interferon treatment and hepatocarcinogenesis.

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“…scored liver tissue steatosis (0-3), inflammation (0-3), hepatocellular ballooning (0-2), and fibrosis (0-4), and calculated NAFLD activity score (NAS) for each patient. 3 CK-18 fragments values were correlated with NAS to predict the severity of liver disease.…”

Section: Noninvasive Diagnosis Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply:

Bravi¹,

Bosetti²,

Vecchia³

2007

Hepatology

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Another mechanism for coffee's apparent effect may be through the lowering of hepatic iron reserves, which is a well known proinflammatory hepatic carcinogen. A study of dietary factors modulating iron stores in free-living elderly populations using a sample of The Framingham Heart Study participants revealed that while supplemental iron, dietary vitamin C, and alcohol were positively associated with serum ferritin, coffee intake had a negative association. 9 In summary, coffee drinking pattern may be a surrogate marker of a clinical state of enhanced detoxification or clearance of hepatic carcinogens. Studies in this direction are needed before we conclude that coffee drinking will reduce risk of HCC by 40%.

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Liver cancer risk, coffee, and hepatitis C virus infection: a nested case–control study in Japan

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Coffee and Green Tea Consumption on the Risk of Liver Cancer: Cohort Analysis by Hepatitis Virus Infection Status

Effect of Coffee and Green Tea Consumption on the Risk of Liver Cancer: Cohort Analysis by Hepatitis Virus Infection Status

Insulin resistance and chronic liver disease

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