Liver cancer in Thailand. I. A case‐control study of cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

Potential risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma were investigated in a case-control study among inhabitants of north-east Thailand, which included 103 cases from 3 hospitals, with age- and sex-matched controls. A clear association with past or present infection with Opisthorchis viverrini, as indicated by raised serum antibodies, was found (o.r. 5.0), and at least two-thirds of cases can be attributed to this cause. The results suggest that males may be at higher risk than females. There was no association with hepatitis B infection, with aflatoxin intake as estimated from albumin adducts in serum or with any particular dietary patterns. Alcohol consumption was very low in the population, and the risk associated with regular drinking was non-significant. Regular users of betel nut-predominantly female-had a high risk (o.r. 6.4), a possible mechanism being through their increased exposure to nitrosamines.

Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma in the Lower Part of Northeast Thailand: a Hospital-based Case-control Study

“…In this present study we found that those who have an OV antibody titre >23.337 compared with ≤23.337 have a higher risk for CCA (OR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.05-9.16). This positive finding is similar to those reported in other studies (Parkin et al, 1991;Honjo et al, 2005).…”

“…There was no association between smoking and risk of CCA in our study which is consistent with Parkin et al (1991), but not with Haswell-Elkins et al (1994).…”

“…However, vitamin C from vegetable or fruit consumption has been shown to inhibit cancer development Lampe, 1999). Parkin et al (1991) included various vegetables and fruits as items in their food intake questionnaire. Only fresh fruit had a significant protective association with CCA in their univariate analysis, and none of the vegetables or fruits emerged as protective factors in the multivariate analysis.…”

“…Anti-OV antibody was extracted from the serum of cases and their matched controls in the Parasitological Laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique previously described by Parkin et al (1991) and Honjo et al (2005 …”

Gene Expression Profiling of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

“…Although the incidence of ICC had been primarily associated with developing countries, ICC is now increasing in developed countries, especially in the United Kingdom and Japan (Kato et al, 1990;TaylorRobinson et al, 1997;McLean and Patel, 2006;West et al, 2006). Thailand has the highest incidence of ICC in the world, perhaps related to a tradition of eating raw fish, which may be contaminated with the liver fluke parasite, Opisthorchis viverrini, a cause of cholangiocarcinoma (Kurathong et al, 1985;Vatanasapt et al, 1990;Parkin et al, 1991;Thamavit et al, 1993;Sripa and Pairojkul, 2008). The prevalence of liver fluke infection in northeast Thailand is about 317.6 per 100,000 personyears (Sriamporn et al, 2004).…”