Liver Cancer Immunity

Rizvi, Sumera; Juan, Wang; El-Khoueiry, Anthony B.

doi:10.1002/hep.31416

Cited by 74 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…The development of immuno-oncology has transformed cancer treatment strategies over the past decade. Immune checkpoints are important in the maintenance of self-tolerance under physiologic conditions, including PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, as well as CTLA-4 (3,20) . The therapeutic strategies for HCC included surgery and liver transplantation, but it's not suitable for most patients with advanced liver cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The therapeutic strategies for HCC included surgery and liver transplantation, but it's not suitable for most patients with advanced liver cancer. Accordingly, immunotherapy is a potential method, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor redirected T (CAR-T) cell therapy (2,3,20) . To better understand the correlation between the immune system and HCC, we carried out the present work about the IRGs how does it affect the prognosis of HCC patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important curative options such as surgical resection or liver transplantation just limited to early-stage HCC patients. Drug targeted tumor immune microenvironment, chimeric antigen receptor redirected T (CAR-T) cells targeted speci c tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and the inhibitors targeted immune checkpoint (ICI) have been gradually developed in recent years (2,3) . Systemic sorafenib therapy had been proved effective in liver cirrhosis patients who were not suitable for targeting therapy and patients with chronic metastasis HCC, but its effectiveness was still weak (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have implied that the genetic mutation signatures occurred in lots of types of cancer and the survival time of patients were labile, such as breast cancer (6) , non-small cell lung cancer (7) , renal cell carcinoma (8) , and hepatocellular carcinoma (9,10) . The immune microenvironment of HCC is complicated, with a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells, which would affect the immune evasion, immunotherapy response, and patient survival (3) . The immune checkpoints, including programmed death receptor 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3), had become the important therapeutic targets of HCC (11)(12)(13) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prognostic Value and Regulatory Network of Immune-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Fa³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with higher morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis in the whole world. Understanding the crosslink between HCC and the immune system is essential for people to uncover a few potential and valuable therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to reveal the correlation between HCC and immune-related genes and establish a clinical evaluation model. Methods: We had analyzed the clinical information consisted of 373 HCC and 49 normal samples from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected by the Wilcoxon test and the immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) in DEGs were identified by matching DEGs with immune-related genes downloaded from the ImmPort database. Furthermore, the univariate Cox regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to construct a prognostic risk model. Then, twenty-two types of tumor immune-infiltrating cells (TIICs) were downloaded from Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and were used to construct the correlational graphs between the TIICs and risk score by the CIBERSORT. Subsequently, the transcription factors (TFs) were gained in the Cistrome website and the differentially expressed TFs (DETFs) were achieved. Finally, the KEGG pathway analysis and GO analysis were performed to further understand the molecular mechanisms between DETFs and PDIRGs.Results: In our study, 5839 DEGs, 326 IRDEGs, and 31 prognosis-related IRDEGs (PIRDEGs) were identified. And 8 optimal PIRDEGs were employed to construct a prognostic risk model by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The correlation between risk genes and clinical characterizations and TIICs has verified that the prognostic model was effective in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. Finally, several important immune-related pathways and molecular functions of the eight PIRDEGs were significantly enriched and there was a distinct association between the risk IRDEGs and TFs. Conclusion: The prognostic risk model showed a more valuable predicting role for HCC patients, and produced many novel therapeutic targets and strategies for HCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prognostic Value and Regulatory Network of Immune-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Fa³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A decrease in NK cell number or impairment of function, accumulation of regulatory T cells, and exhausted CD8+ T cells have all been seen in HCC tumors, implicating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. 198 Many patients cannot respond to immunotherapy with a low response rate due to an insufficient immune activation. Thus, how to turn a "cold tumor" (immune tolerant) into a "hot tumor" (immunogenic) remains a major challenge for current tumor immunotherapy research and development.…”

Section: Icc Tumors With Mismatch Repair (Mmr) Pathway Deficiency Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy of Primary Liver Cancer

et al. 2020

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Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a fatal disease that affects millions of lives worldwide. PLC is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the incidence rate is predicted to rise in the coming decades. PLC can be categorized into three major histological subtypes: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and combined HCC-ICC. These subtypes are distinct with respect to epidemiology, clinicopathological features, genetic alterations, and clinical managements, which are thoroughly summarized in this review. The state of treatment strategies for each subtype, including the currently approved drugs and the potential novel therapies, are also discussed.

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Novel amphiphilic rhamnogalacturonnan I‐based nanomicelles for targeted delivery of curcumin to hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Wu,

Yang,

Shen

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Curcumin (Cur) is a bioactive nutraceutical with great potential in biological, nutritional, and medical applications. However, these applications are limited by various factors such as insufficient ingestion, low aqueous solubility, and relatively high toxicity to normal cells. To tackle these obstacles, we synthesized a novel Cur‐modified‐rhamnogalacturonan (RG‐C) nano‐micelle carrier to target‐deliver Cur to hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via specific recognition of RG‐I by the overexpressed surface galactin‐3 receptor. Fourier transfer infrared, UV–vis, and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the conjugation between RG and Cur RG‐C loaded with Cur (RG‐CC) was formed via self‐assembly in an aqueous solution with a drug loading efficiency of 12.2%. RG‐CC micelle was ellipsoidal or cubic with a size ranging between 100 and 200 nm by scanning electron microscopy observation. Cur release from RG‐CC exhibited a controlled and pH‐dependent manner with 50% at pH 5.0 in contrast to 5% at pH 7.4 after 24 h exposure. RG‐CC possessed more potent anti‐proliferative activity against HepG2 cells than normal embryonic kidney 293T cells. Compared to free Cur, both the anti‐proliferative effect and uptake of RG‐CC were significantly higher in HepG2 cells as revealed from laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. RG‐CC was a promising anticancer candidate and deserves further preclinical and clinical investigations.

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Liver Cancer Immunity

Cited by 74 publications

References 72 publications

Prognostic Value and Regulatory Network of Immune-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Prognostic Value and Regulatory Network of Immune-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Therapy of Primary Liver Cancer

Novel amphiphilic rhamnogalacturonnan I‐based nanomicelles for targeted delivery of curcumin to hepatocellular carcinoma cells

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