As basic knowledge for evaluation of pancreatic toxicity, anatomical structures were
compared among experimental animal species, including rats, dogs, monkeys, and minipigs.
In terms of gross anatomy, the pancreases of dogs, monkeys, and minipigs are compact and
similar to that of humans. The rat pancreas is relatively compact at the splenic segment,
but the duodenal segment is dispersed within the mesentery. In terms of histology, the
islet of each animal is characterized by a topographic distribution pattern of α- versus
β-cells. β-cells occupy the large central part of the rat islet, and α-cells are located
in the periphery and occasionally exhibit cuffing. In dog islets, β-cells are distributed
in all parts and α-cells are scattered in the center or periphery of the islet (at body
and left lobe); whereas β-cells occupy all parts of the islet and no α-cells are present
in the islet (at right lobe). Monkey islets show two distinct patterns, that is,
α-cell-rich or β-cell-rich islets, and the former represent peripheral β-cells forming an
irregular ring. Minipig islets show an irregular outline, and both α- and β-cells are
present in all parts of the islet, intermingling with each other. According to
morphometry, the endocrine tissue accounts for <2% of the pancreas roughly in rats and
minipigs, and that of monkeys accounts for >7% of the pancreas (at tail). The endocrine
tissue proportion tends to increase as the position changes from right to left in the
pancreas in each species.