“…Among the emerging technologies, immersive virtual reality (iVR) seems to be more well accepted and applied in language education (Wu, Miller, Huang & Wang, 2023). iVR is a technology that creates an artificial, virtual environment, replacing the user's realworld surroundings (Lee, Yang & Wu, 2023;Wu, Zhang & Lee, 2024). The key features of iVR include full immersion, perception of physical presence, utilization of avatars, and interaction (Lee et al, 2023;Mystakidis, 2022;Taguchi, 2021;Wu et al, 2024).…”