Live and let die: Hydrogen peroxide production by the commensal flora and its role in maintaining a symbiotic microbiome

Redanz, Sylvio; Xing, Cheng; Giacaman, Rodrigo A.; Pfeifer, Carmem S.; Merritt, Justin; Kreth, Jens

doi:10.1111/omi.12231

Cited by 85 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…It appears that the short time used here (30 min) was inadequate for S. gordonii to generate sufficient levels of H 2 O 2 to stimulate catalase production by V. parvula . In keeping with this hypothesis, the spxB gene encoding pyruvate oxidase, the key H 2 O 2 -generating enzyme of S. gordonii 34 , was not regulated in response to coaggregation (<1.5-fold change, P = 0.37). It is also possible that catalase or peroxidases present in saliva may have inactivated H 2 O 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Transcriptional profiling of coaggregation interactions between Streptococcus gordonii and Veillonella parvula by Dual RNA-Seq

Mutha

Mohammed

Krasnogor

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Many oral bacteria form macroscopic clumps known as coaggregates when mixed with a different species. It is thought that these cell-cell interactions are critical for the formation of mixed-species biofilms such as dental plaque. Here, we assessed the impact of coaggregation between two key initial colonizers of dental plaque, Streptococcus gordonii and Veillonella parvula , on gene expression in each partner. These species were shown to coaggregate in buffer or human saliva. To monitor gene regulation, coaggregates were formed in human saliva and, after 30 minutes, whole-transcriptomes were extracted for sequencing and Dual RNA-Seq analysis. In total, 272 genes were regulated in V. parvula , including 39 genes in oxidoreductase processes. In S. gordonii , there was a high degree of inter-sample variation. Nevertheless, 69 genes were identified as potentially regulated by coaggregation, including two phosphotransferase system transporters and several other genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, these data indicate that responses of V. parvula to coaggregation with S. gordonii are dominated by oxidative stress-related processes, whereas S. gordonii responses are more focussed on carbohydrate metabolism. We hypothesize that these responses may reflect changes in the local microenvironment in biofilms when S. gordonii or V. parvula immigrate into the system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Transcriptional profiling of coaggregation interactions between Streptococcus gordonii and Veillonella parvula by Dual RNA-Seq

Mutha

Mohammed

Krasnogor

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Escherichia coli did not elicit ileum oxidant generation in earlier studies and this analysis, the associated OTU appeared to be eliminated as a provocative candidate. Some species of Streptococcus have a pyruvate oxidase activity and under aerobic conditions can generate H 2 O 2 (Redanz et al, 2018). There is no information on whether Streptococcus elicits NOX1 oxidant generation by the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the microbiota in ileitis of a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease—Glutathione peroxide isoenzymes 1 and 2‐double knockout mice on a C57BL background

et al. 2020

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“…Competition between the early colonizers of the teeth and cariogenic species, particularly S. mutans , has been well-documented and acknowledged for decades (Marquis, 1995; Huang et al, 2018). Interested readers are directed to four excellent and recent reviews covering the above topics in more depth (Abranches et al, 2018; Bowen et al, 2018; Lamont et al, 2018; Redanz et al, 2018). This battleground over the ecological niche of the tooth surface represents a significant opportunity for intervention and subsequent prevention of caries.…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Dental Plaque Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the Oral Microbiome to Prevent Tooth Decay: Has Evolution Already Provided the Best Tools?

Baker

Edlund

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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To compete in the relatively exposed oral cavity, resident microbes must avoid being replaced by newcomers. This selective constraint, coupled with pressure on the host to cultivate a beneficial microbiome, has rendered a commensal oral microbiota that displays colonization resistance, protecting the human host from invasive species, including pathogens. Rapid increases in carbohydrate consumption have disrupted the evolved homeostasis between the oral microbiota and dental health, reflected by the high prevalence of dental caries. Development of novel modalities to prevent caries has been the subject of a breadth of research. This mini review provides highlights of these endeavors and discusses the rationale and pitfalls behind the major avenues of approach. Despite efficacy, fluoride and other broad-spectrum interventions are unlikely to further reduce the incidence of dental caries. The most promising methodologies in development are those that exploit the exclusive nature of the healthy oral microbiome. Probiotics derived from the dental plaque of healthy individuals sharply antagonize cariogenic species, such as Streptococcus mutans. Meanwhile, targeted antimicrobials allow for the killing of specific pathogens, allowing reestablishment of a healthy microbiome, presumably with its protective effects. The oral microbiota manufactures a massive array of small molecules, some of which are correlated with health and are likely to antagonize pathogens. The prohibitive cost associated with sufficiently rigorous clinical trials, and the status of dental caries as a non-life-threatening condition will likely continue to impede the advancement of new therapeutics to market. Nevertheless, there is room for optimism, as it appears evolution may have already provided the best tools.

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Live and let die: Hydrogen peroxide production by the commensal flora and its role in maintaining a symbiotic microbiome

Cited by 85 publications

References 153 publications

Transcriptional profiling of coaggregation interactions between Streptococcus gordonii and Veillonella parvula by Dual RNA-Seq

Transcriptional profiling of coaggregation interactions between Streptococcus gordonii and Veillonella parvula by Dual RNA-Seq

Role of the microbiota in ileitis of a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease—Glutathione peroxide isoenzymes 1 and 2‐double knockout mice on a C57BL background

Exploiting the Oral Microbiome to Prevent Tooth Decay: Has Evolution Already Provided the Best Tools?

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