LIV. <i>On the changes of temperature produced by the rarefaction and condensation of air</i>

Joule, James Prescott

doi:10.1080/14786444508645153

Cited by 27 publications

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“…According to Joule his experimental results were in perfect accordance with Dulong law (4) [56]. However, taken into account that his experiment corresponds to an isothermal compression, it seems that he interpreted law (4) in the same sense of Clapeyron, that is, as equivalent to law (5).…”

Section: Mayer and Joulementioning

confidence: 67%

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Equipartition of energy, Avogadro law and ratio of specific heats

Oliveira

2019

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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The equipartition of energy in its simplest form, which is related to the translational motion of the molecules of a gas, was announced independently by Waterston in 1845 and by Clausius in 1857. In its more general form, it was formulated by Maxwell in 1860. Together with the relation between pressure and translational motion, given by the kinetic theory of gases, one can derive the equation of state of an ideal gas. One can also derive the Avogadro law, a fundamental law of physical chemistry as stated by Meyer and Mendeleev. From the equipartition of energy Boltzmann could explain the experimental ratio γ of the specific heats of diatomic gases, an explanation that was countered by Maxwell. We discuss these two conflicting explanation, and present an account and a critical analysis of the emergence of the law of equipartition of energy and other laws that preceded it but are understood as consequences or related to it. Our account includes also the Laplace relation between the speed of sound and γ, and the Clément and Desormes experiment to determine γ.

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Section: Mayer and Joulementioning

confidence: 67%

“…Joule used various methods to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat such as the well known paddle-wheel method [55]. In 1845 [56], he reported an experiment in which the mechanical equivalent of heat was determined by the compression of air. The apparatus he used is shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Mayer and Joulementioning

confidence: 99%

Equipartition of energy, Avogadro law and ratio of specific heats

Oliveira

2019

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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“…In this same passage, Joule quotes Mayer as having in 1842 proposed such an equivalence, "without, however, attempting an experimental demonstration of its accuracy." One cannot fail to recognize the methodical, thorough, and careful approach taken by Joule [63].…”

Section: On Energy Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A History of Thermodynamics: The Missing Manual

Saslow

2020

Entropy

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We present a history of thermodynamics. Part 1 discusses definitions, a pre-history of heat and temperature, and steam engine efficiency, which motivated thermodynamics. Part 2 considers in detail three heat conservation-based foundational papers by Carnot, Clapeyron, and Thomson. For a reversible Carnot cycle operating between thermal reservoirs with Celsius temperatures t and t + dt, heat Q from the hot reservoir, and net work W, Clapeyron derived W/Q = dt/C(t), with C(t) material-independent. Thomson used µ = 1/C(t) to define an absolute temperature but, unaware that an additional criterion was needed, he first proposed a logarithmic function of the ideal gas temperature T g . Part 3, following a discussion of conservation of energy, considers in detail a number of energy conservation-based papers by Clausius and Thomson. As noted by Gibbs, in 1850, Clausius established the first modern form of thermodynamics, followed by Thomson's 1851 rephrasing of what he called the Second Law. In 1854, Clausius theoretically established for a simple Carnot cycle the condition Q 1 /T 1 + Q 2 /T 2 = 0. He generalized it to ∑ i Q i /T g,i = 0, and then dQ/T g = 0. This both implied a new thermodynamic state function and, with appropriate integration factor 1/T, the thermodynamic temperature. In 1865, Clausius named this new state function the entropy S.

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“…According to Kuhn [19], the law of conservation of energy was an example of a simultaneous discovered, announced by several authors between 1842 and 1847, including Mayer [20,21] and Joule [22][23][24]. In fact, Mayer and Joule advanced the idea that the dissipation of a certain quantity of work w always results in the generation of the same quantity of heat q, and conversely, the disappearance of a certain quantity of heat q gives rise to the same quantity of work w, which we write as…”

Section: Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mayer-Joule law was clearly in conflict with Carnot's theory because the latter was based on the conservation of caloric. Joule suggested the abandoning of Carnot's theory [24] but Kelvin disapproved this solution [27]. This conflict was solved by Clausius [1] by observing that Carnot principle, expressed by proposition 3, could be separated into two parts.…”

Section: Law 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

The two parts of the second law of thermodynamics

Oliveira

2018

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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According to Sommerfeld, the well known Clausius and Kelvin statements of the second law of thermodynamics comprises two parts. The first part includes the Carnot principle that all Carnot engines operating between the same temperatures have the same efficiency. The second part contains the law of increase in entropy. Usually, the two parts are understood as a logical consequence of these statements, including the Carnot principle. Here, we argue that this principle need not be a derived law and may be considered as a fundamental law, without the need of demonstration. To this end we analyze the roots of the second law, which are contained in the memoir of Carnot on the production of work by heat, and its emergence in the papers of Clausius on heat.

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LIV. On the changes of temperature produced by the rarefaction and condensation of air

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Equipartition of energy, Avogadro law and ratio of specific heats

Equipartition of energy, Avogadro law and ratio of specific heats

A History of Thermodynamics: The Missing Manual

The two parts of the second law of thermodynamics

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