LiuweiDihuang improved cognitive functions in SAMP8 mice by inhibiting COX-2 expression and subsequent neuroinflammation

Song, Junying; Jia, Yaquan; Li, Junlin; Ding, Rui; Yuan, Yue; Cai, Jun; Su, Yunfang; Qian, Hua; Zhang, Zhenqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115491

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…RRP is widely used as primal medicine in Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of AD or diabetes, for example, Qi Fu Yin, Qidan Dihuang decoction, Zhibai Dihuang Wan, Dihuang Yinzi, and Liuwei Dihuang ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Ong et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2021 ; Song et al, 2022 ). Several studies have reported that the components in RRP are effective against AD ( Huang et al, 2016 ; Kang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioral experiments were performed for the last 5 days of the experiment. In the Morris water maze experiment ( Song et al, 2022 ), mice were placed in water facing the wall of the pool from four different entry points and the time taken to climb onto the platform (i.e., escape latency) was recorded for five consecutive days. On day 6, the platform was removed and the mice were placed in the water at the same entry point.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western-blot assay was performed to detect p Ser404 -tau, INSR, IRS-1, p Ser473 -AKT/AKT, p Ser9 - GSK-3β/GSK-3β levels. β-Actin was used as an internal control for data analysis ( Song et al, 2022 ). The primary antibody was diluted with 5% skim milk powder (1:1000 diluted) for 1 h to better bind non-specific proteins.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample were centrifuged at 4°C for 10 min at 20000✕g, and the supernatant was filtered and analyzed for composition. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed using a Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer ( Song et al, 2022 ). The global parameters were optimized, ion source: electrospray ionization (ESI); scan mode: Positive and negative ion switching scan; detection mode: Total mass/dd-MS2; resolution: 70000 (total mass), 17500 (dd-MS2); scan range: 100–1500 m/z; standby voltage: 3.8 kV (positive); capillary temperature: 300°C; data acquisition time: 30 min; chromatographic conditions: the column of AQ-C18, 150 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, Welch.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalpol, a component of RRP, has neuroprotective effects on AD mice ( Huang et al, 2016 ). Our previous study showed that Liuwei Dihuang pill (a Chinese herbal formula containing RRP) could improve cognitive functions through inhibiting neuroinflammation in AD mice ( Song et al, 2022 ). However, it is not clear whether RRP can improve brain insulin signaling in AD and the underlying mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (Shu Dihuang) exerts neuroprotective effects on ICV-STZ-induced Alzheimer’s disease mice through modulation of INSR/IRS-1/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota

Liu²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (RRP, Shu Dihuang in Cinese) is widely used as primal medicine in Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism of RRP for AD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of RRP on intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced AD model mice and its potential mechanism. ICV-STZ mice were continuously gavaged with RRP for 21 days. The pharmacological effects of RRP were evaluated by behavioral tests, brain tissue H&E staining and hippocampal tau protein phosphorylation levels. The expression levels of insulin receptor (INSR), IRS-1, pSer473-AKT/AKT and pSer9-GSK-3β/GSK-3β proteins in hippocampal and cortical tissues were detected by Western-blot method. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the changes of intestinal microbiota in mice. The compounds in RRP were analyzed by mass spectrometry and their binding ability to INSR proteins was detected by molecular docking. The results showed that RRP ameliorated cognitive dysfunction and neuronal pathological changes of brain tissue in ICV-STZ mice, reduced tau protein hyperphosphorylation, INSR, IRS-1, pSer473-AKT/AKT, and pSer9-GSK-3β/GSK-3β levels in hippocampal and cortical tissues. Meanwhile, RRP reversed ICV-STZ-induced dysregulation of intestinal microbiota in AD mice. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the RRP consisted mainly of seven compounds, namely Acteoside (Verbascoside), 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), Apigenin7-O-glucuronide, Icariin, Gallic acid, Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, and Geniposide. Molecular docking results further indicated that the compounds in RRP have binding ability to INSR protein and potential multiple synergistic effects. RRP ameliorates cognitive dysfunction and brain histopathological changes in AD mice. The mechanism of RRP ameliorating AD may be related to the regulation of INSR/IRS-1/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota. This study supports the potential anti-AD efficacy of RRP and initially reveals the pharmacological mechanism of RRP, providing a theoretical basis for further clinical application of RRP.

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