Little noticed, but very important: The role of breeding sites formed by bamboos in maintaining the diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Atlantic Forest biome

Abstract

This study investigated the composition of mosquito species in different kinds of breeding sites in a tropical forest remnant of the Atlantic Forest and identified species of public health concern therein. Collections of immature forms of mosquitoes were carried out monthly at the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve in southeastern Brazil, between June 2014 and June 2015. Samples were collected from four types of breeding sites: bamboos, bromeliads, puddles, and a lake. A total of 1,182 specimens of mosquitoes belonging to 28 species and 13 genera were collected. Three species, Ad. squamipennis, An. neglectus, and Wy. arthrostigma represented 64.8% of the captured specimens. Only three species were found in more than one type of breeding site: Ps. ferox, An. triannulatus, and Tx. trichopygus. Two species of public health concern were found breeding in bamboo (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) and one in the lake (An. darlingi). Bamboo had the highest species richness, Shannon diversity, abundance of individuals and number of dominant species of all breeding sites. Similar Simpson diversity was obtained for bamboo and bromeliads, with higher values than those obtained for puddles and the lake. The significance of the four breeding sites, especially bamboos, is discussed in the context of controlling populations of sylvatic species of mosquitoes in Atlantic Forest areas.

Bamboo (Poales, Poaceae): An Important Maintainer of Immature Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Biodiversity Hotspot in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…pallidiventer (Lutz, 1905). We believe that the greater diversity of mosquito species in G. tagoara was due to greater exposure to them in comparison to B. vulgaris, which is in line with Lozovei (1998) [8], Silva et al (2004) [23], Bastos et al (2021) [6], and Müller et al (2022) [10]. Therefore, the difference in diversity in the two bamboo species analyzed can be explained by the influence exerted by local environmental factors, including seasonality, competition, predation, environmental stability, and productivity.…”

“…Müller et al [ 9 , 10 ] discussed the bionomy of mosquitoes that use bamboo internodes as habitats for immature forms, noting that these biotopes are important in the maintenance of the culicid fauna, and they considered the presence of important species from an epidemiological point of view.…”

Applicability of Traps for Collecting Mosquito Immatures (Diptera: Culicidae) for Entomological Surveillance of Arbovirus Vectors in a Remnant of the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

“…Both species are sylvatic, laying their eggs on moist substrates near the water surface; they are typically found in tropical and subtropical forest environments, with Ae. albopictus also prevalent in rural areas [ 3 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Brazilian semiarid: dynamic interactions with biotic and abiotic factors

“…In the semiarid, especially in the study area, temporary breeding sites are essential to maintaining mosquito populations over time because they provide a propitious environment for their development. Müller et al (2022) highlight the importance of temporary breeding sites in maintaining mosquito diversity in Atlantic Forest areas. Temporary habitats are subject to climate variables and the action of animals, given that they can be used as a water source.…”