Little in Norway: a prospective longitudinal community-based cohort from pregnancy to child age 18 months

Moe, Vibeke; Fredriksen, Eivor; Kjellevold, Marian; Dahl, Lisbeth; Markhus, Maria Wik; Stormark, Kjell Morten; Soest, Tilmann von; Olafsen, Kåre S.; Vannebo, Unni Tranaas; Smith, Lars

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031050

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Inadequate iodine intakes may lead to dysfunction in the thyroid hormone production [ 28 ], thus women of reproductive age adhering to a strict vegan, vegetarian or pescatarian diet who do not regularly consume iodine-containing supplements are of special concern. Inadequate maternal iodine intake during pregnancy can result in irreversible neurodevelopment deficiencies in the fetal brain [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. To ensure that thyroid stores are optimized throughout the pregnancy and lactation, a 50% higher iodine intake is required to meet the increasing demand during these phases [ 28 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway

et al. 2020

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Low iodine intakes have been documented in different population groups in Norway. We aimed to assess iodine status, dietary intake, supplement and macroalgae use, and iodine knowledge in vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians. In this study, 115 vegans, 55 vegetarians and 35 pescatarians from the Oslo region of Norway, aged 18–60 years, participated. A spot urine sample was collected along with a dietary assessment of iodine intake, supplement and macroalgae use. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in vegans was 43 µg/L (moderate iodine deficiency), in vegetarians 67 µg/L and in pescatarians 96 µg/L (mild iodine deficiency). In multiple linear regression analysis, use of iodine supplements was one of the strongest predictors of UIC. About half of the participants had median 24-h iodine intakes below estimated average requirement (EAR) of 100 µg/day. Fifty percent had low knowledge score, while 27% had very low knowledge score. Vegans, vegetarians and possibly pescatarians in Norway, are unable to reach the recommended iodine intake merely from food and are dependent on iodine supplements. There is an urgent need for dietary guidance targeting vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians to avoid inadequate iodine intake in non-supplement users, as well as avoiding excess iodine intake in macroalgae users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway

et al. 2020

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“…In the couples where both members have multiple ACEs this exposure has an even stronger negative impact on health outcomes, anxiety, depression and stress. In addition, the outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs also represent health risks for the next generation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences are associated with choice of partner, both partners' relationship and psychosocial health as reported one year after birth of a common child. A cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are common and known to have consequences for individuals’ adult health, leading to a higher risk of illness. The aims of the study were to investigate the ACEs in couples, to examine the extent of assortative mating and to investigate the association between the relationship of the load of ACEs within couples and health outcomes, one year after the birth of a common child. At antenatal clinics in Sweden 818 couples were recruited and investigated one year after the birth of a common child answering a questionnaire including the exposure to ten ACE categories and several outcome variables. In total, 59% of both mothers and partners reported exposure to at least one of the ten ACE categories. Among the mothers 11% and among the partners 9% reported exposure to ≥4 ACE categories (p = 0.12). There was a correlation between the numbers of ACE categories reported by the mothers and their partners (Spearman’s ρ = 0.18, p<0.001). This association pertained to six of the ten ACE categories. In multiple logistic regression analyses, there were associations between the ACE exposure load and unfavourable outcomes among the mothers, the partners and within the couples. Unfavourable outcomes concerning health were most prominent in couples where both members reported exposures to ≥4 ACE categories (self-rated bad health (OR 13.82; CI 2.75–69.49), anxiety (OR 91.97; CI 13.38–632.07), depression (OR 17.42; CI 2.14–141.78) and perceived stress (OR 11.04; CI 2.79–43.73)). Mothers exposed to ACEs tend to have partners also exposed to ACEs. Exposure to ACEs was associated with bad health and unfavourable life conditions within the couples, especially among couples where both members reported exposure to multiple ACEs. These results should stimulate incentives to find, to support and to treat individuals and couples where both members report multiple ACEs. The consequences for the children should be further studied as well as how these families should be treated in health care and society.

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“…The present research is based on data from the national Little in Norway (LiN) cohort project (ISRCTN registry number 66710572) that is a cross-disciplinary prospective longitudinal study starting in pregnancy. The overall study design for the LiN-cohort has been described in more detail elsewhere [ 27 ]. The LiN-cohort included nine health care centers from northern, mid, western, and eastern Norway ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Reference Intervals in Red Blood Cells among Pregnant Women in Norway–Cross Sectional Data from the ‘Little in Norway’ Cohort

et al. 2020

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There is a growing interest in determining fatty acid reference intervals from pregnancy cohort, especially considering the lack of reference values for pregnant women in the literature and the generalized misconception of equating reference intervals for nonpregnant women as equivalent to pregnant women. Seafood and supplements are important dietary sources for the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:55ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω-3). Sufficient intake of EPA and DHA is vital during pregnancy for the development of the fetus, as well as for maintaining adequate levels for the mother. This study describes the fatty acid status and suggests reference values and cut-offs for fatty acids in red blood cells (RBC) from pregnant women (n = 247). An electronic food frequency questionnaire (e-FFQ) mapped the dietary habits of the participants, and gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid levels in RBC. The association between e-FFQ variables and fatty acid concentrations was established using a principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty-nine-point-one percent (29.1%) of the participants reported eating seafood as dinner according to the Norwegian recommendations, and they added in their diet as well a high percentage (76.9%) intake of ω-3 supplements. The concentration levels of fatty acids in RBC were in agreement with those reported in similar populations from different countries. The reference interval 2.5/97.5 percentiles for EPA, DPA, DHA were 0.23/2.12, 0.56/2.80, 3.76/10.12 in relative concentration units (%), and 5.99/51.25, 11.08/61.97, 64.25/218.08 in absolute concentration units (µg/g), respectively. The number of participants and their selection from all over Norway vouch for the representativeness of the study and the validity of the proposed reference values, and therefore, the study may be a useful tool when studying associations between fatty acid status and health outcome in future studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PCA study reporting a direct association between ω-3 LCPUFA and intake of seafood and ω-3 supplements in a pregnancy cohort.

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Little in Norway: a prospective longitudinal community-based cohort from pregnancy to child age 18 months

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway

Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway

Adverse Childhood Experiences are associated with choice of partner, both partners' relationship and psychosocial health as reported one year after birth of a common child. A cross-sectional study

Fatty Acid Reference Intervals in Red Blood Cells among Pregnant Women in Norway–Cross Sectional Data from the ‘Little in Norway’ Cohort

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