Litter quantity, litter chemistry, and soil texture control changes in soil organic carbon fractions under bioenergy cropping systems of the North Central U.S.

Haden, Adam C. von; Kucharik, Christopher J.; Jackson, Randall D.; Marín-Spiotta, E.

doi:10.1007/s10533-019-00564-7

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…(2019) attribute this debt to the time it takes for the system to reach C stabilization after conversion, applying the C debt to the new crop to recover. A single tillage event causes significant structural changes to soil aggregates and C distribution in soils (Grandy & Robertson, 2006), which can take years to recover once disturbed (von Haden, Kucharik, Jackson, & Marín‐Spiotta, 2019). The reversion of switchgrass to maize in this study is similar to the scenario of converting CRP grassland to maize in that the switchgrass plot was 8 years old at the time of conversion, which was calculated by Abraha et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon and nitrogen cycle impacts of reverting perennial bioenergy switchgrass to an annual maize crop rotation

et al. 2020

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In the age of biofuel innovation, bioenergy crop sustainability assessment has determined how candidate systems alter the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle. These research efforts revealed how perennial crops, such as switchgrass, increase belowground soil organic carbon (SOC) and lose less N than annual crops, like maize. As demand for bioenergy increases, land managers will need to choose whether to invest in food or fuel cropping systems. However, little research has focused on the C and N cycle impacts of reverting purpose-grown perennial bioenergy crops back to annual cropping systems. We investigated this knowledge gap by measuring C and N pools and fluxes over 2 years following reversion of a mature switchgrass stand to an annual maize rotation. The most striking treatment difference was in ecosystem respiration (ER), with the maize-converted treatment showing the highest respiration flux of 2,073.63 (± 367.20) g C m −2 year −1 compared to the switchgrass 1,412.70 (± 28.72) g C m −2 year −1 and maize-control treatments 1,699.16 (± 234.79) g C m −2 year −1. This difference was likely driven by increased heterotrophic respiration of belowground This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon and nitrogen cycle impacts of reverting perennial bioenergy switchgrass to an annual maize crop rotation

et al. 2020

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“…is subsoil difference may reflect different SOM stabilisation mechanisms in subsoils under the two forest types, as observed in forests elsewhere [54] and in agricultural systems [55]. In the uppermost (A1) horizon at Eleven Road under mixed forest, most C was held in the oPOM<20 fraction, but under rainforest, most was held in the clay fraction.…”

Section: Soil Organic Matter Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Can Carbon Sequestration in Tasmanian “Wet” Eucalypt Forests Be Used to Mitigate Climate Change? Forest Succession, the Buffering Effects of Soils, and Landscape Processes Must Be Taken into Account

McIntosh

Hardcastle

Klöffel

et al. 2020

International Journal of Forestry Research

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Small areas of the wetter parts of southeast Australia including Tasmania support high-biomass “wet” eucalypt forests, including “mixed” forests consisting of mature eucalypts up to 100 m high with a rainforest understorey. In Tasmania, mixed forests transition to lower biomass rainforests over time. In the scientific and public debate on ways to mitigate climate change, these forests have received attention for their ability to store large amounts of carbon (C), but the contribution of soil C stocks to the total C in these two ecosystems has not been systematically researched, and consequently, the potential of wet eucalypt forests to serve as long-term C sinks is uncertain. This study compared soil C stocks to 1 m depth at paired sites under rainforest and mixed forests and found that there was no detectable difference of mean total soil C between the two forest types, and on average, both contained about 200 Mg·ha−1 of C. Some C in subsoil under rainforests is 3000 years old and retains a chemical signature of pyrogenic C, detectable in NMR spectra, indicating that soil C stocks are buffered against the effects of forest succession. The mean loss of C in biomass as mixed forests transition to rainforests is estimated to be about 260 Mg·ha−1 over a c. 400-year period, so the mature mixed forest ecosystem emits about 0.65 Mg·ha−1·yr−1 of C during its transition to rainforest. For this reason and because of the risk of forest fires, setting aside large areas of wet eucalypt forests as reserves in order to increase landscape C storage is not a sound strategy for long-term climate change mitigation. Maintaining a mosaic of managed native forests, including regenerating eucalypts, mixed forests, rainforests, and reserves, is likely to be the best strategy for maintaining landscape C stocks.

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“…After three years of maize cropping, LF-C from ley grassland showed a higher proportion of carbohydrate derived material (O-alkyl) in the LMA and a higher contribution of maize-derived LF-C, as assessed by isotopic analyses. Therefore, land-use specific characteristics of the maize phase such as the new type of vegetal input, a different root network or the tillage operation were responsible of a change in quantity and chemical composition of the LF-C from LMA under ley grassland (von Haden et al, 2019) For LF-C extracted from the other fractions of ley grassland, the O-alkyl intensities were lower than those of permanent grassland. A similar trend of O-alkyl losses in comparison to permanent grassland was detected for permanent cropland, with the exception of the LMA fraction in which the O-alkyl intensities were similar in the two treatments.…”

Section: The Effect Of Land Use On the Degradation Status Of Organic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yamashita et al, 2006). The type of litter returned to soil is land-use specific and the litter quality may also affect the turnover rate measured for SOM pools (Armas-Herrera et al, 2016;von Haden et al, 2019). However, the type of litter and its mineralization pattern are the two main proxies of SOM quality that can be assessed with solid-state 13C NMR (Baldock and Preston, 1995;Knicker et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-use perturbations in ley grassland decouple the degradation of ancient soil organic matter from the storage of newly derived carbon inputs

Panettieri¹,

Courtier‐Murias²,

Rumpel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. In a context of global change, soil has been identified as a potential carbon (C) sink, depending on land-use strategies. To detect the trends of carbon stocks after the implementation of new agricultural practices, early indicators, which can highlight changes in short timescales are required. This study proposes the combined use of stable isotope probing and chemometrics applied to solid-state 13C NMR spectra to unveil the dynamics of storage and mineralization of soil C pools. We focused light organic matter fractions isolated by density fractionation of soil water stable aggregates because they respond faster to changes in land-use than the total soil organic matter. Samples were collected from an agricultural field experiment with grassland, continuous cropping, and ley grassland under temperate climate conditions. Our results indicated contrasting aggregate dynamics depending on land-use systems with grassland returning to soil larger amount of C as belowground inputs than cropping systems. Those fresh inputs are preferentially incorporated at the level of microaggregates, which are enriched in C in comparison with those of cropped soils. Land-use changes with the introduction of ley grassland provoked a decoupling of the storage/degradation processes after the grassland phase. The newly-derived maize inputs were barely degraded during the first three years of maize cropping, whereas grassland-derived material was depleted. As a whole, results suggest large microbial proliferation as showed by 13C NMR under permanent grassland, then reduced within the first years after the land-use conversion, and finally restored. The study highlighted a fractal structure of the soil determining a scattered spatial distribution of the cycles of storage and degradation of soil organic matter related to detritusphere dynamics. In consequence, vegetal inputs from a new land-use are creating new detritusphere microenvironments rather than sustaining the previous dynamics, resulting in a legacy effect of the previous crop. Increasing the knowledge on the soil C dynamics at fine scale will be helpful to refine the prediction models and land-use policies.

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Litter quantity, litter chemistry, and soil texture control changes in soil organic carbon fractions under bioenergy cropping systems of the North Central U.S.

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

The carbon and nitrogen cycle impacts of reverting perennial bioenergy switchgrass to an annual maize crop rotation

The carbon and nitrogen cycle impacts of reverting perennial bioenergy switchgrass to an annual maize crop rotation

Can Carbon Sequestration in Tasmanian “Wet” Eucalypt Forests Be Used to Mitigate Climate Change? Forest Succession, the Buffering Effects of Soils, and Landscape Processes Must Be Taken into Account

Land-use perturbations in ley grassland decouple the degradation of ancient soil organic matter from the storage of newly derived carbon inputs

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