Litsea cubeba kernel oil as a promising new medium-chain saturated fatty acid feedstock for biolubricant base oil synthesis

Cai, Zi-zhe; Zhuang, Xiaoci; Yang, Xinhao; Huang, Furong; Wang, Yong; Li, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113564

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Considering the influence of catalyst loading or concentration, several studies have positively influenced the two‐stage esterification and transesterification reactions 106‐110 . Ghafar et al, 162 produced biolubricants from waste cooking oil (WCO) from the solid heterogeneous catalyst (ie, CaO was obtained from waste cockle shell).…”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Oils For Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only limitation of this approach is the costly nature of these enzymes when used for the biolubricants synthesis. The conversion of several methyl and ethyl esters derived from bio‐based oil sources to biolubricant ester base stocks are shown in Table 5 8,102,109,195 …”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Oils For Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the influence of catalyst loading or concentration, several studies have positively influenced the two-stage esterification and transesterification reactions. [106][107][108][109][110] Ghafar et al, 162 produced biolubricants from waste cooking oil (WCO) from the solid heterogeneous catalyst (ie, was obtained from waste cockle shell). They reported a rise in triesters conversion from 94% to 97% with increasing catalyst concentration (ie, from 3% to 5% w/w) in the two-stage esterification and transesterification reaction at a constant molar ratio of FAME to TMP (3:1).…”

Section: Catalyst Type and Catalyst Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conversion of several methyl and ethyl esters derived from bio-based oil sources to biolubricant ester base stocks are shown in Table 5. 8,102,109,195 4.5 | Challenges and future perspectives of biolubricants Generally, biolubricants are scarcely exploited in the global market and industries due to their limited numerous applications. A major reason is their vulnerability to thermo-oxidative conditions requiring a more costeffective and intensive approach to chemical modification of these oils.…”

Section: Current Updates On the Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives

Appiah

Tulashie

Akpari

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The growing concern and limitations for existing lubricants have driven the need for biolubricants, extensively proposed as the most suitable and sustainable lubricating oils. Biolubricants are generally synthesized from various bio‐based sources, including vegetable oils, microbially derived oils, waste cooking oil, etc. They are promising commodities and advantageous to mineral‐based analogues due to their exceptional properties like their lubricity, biodegradability, reduced toxicity, and reduced volatility. Yet, their utilization as lubricants is constrained due to their relatively poor cold‐flow and thermo‐oxidative stability uncertainties even after being chemically modified. Hence, many chemical modification pathways have been reported to overcome this limitation, with the most exploited approaches being esterification and transesterification. This modification pathway enhanced the thermo‐oxidative stability and the cold‐flow properties of these bio‐based oils, increased the yield, and enhanced the quality of the lubricants. With this in mind, this paper reviews up‐to‐date works conducted in this area and critically report the advancement in esterification and transesterification production of biolubricants. The study further reviews the latest published literature, current updates, and future perspectives related to the synthesis of biolubricants. Also, the review highlights the significant factors that govern the entire reaction process, selection criteria of renewable feedstocks, and the tribological performance of biolubricants.

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Section: Chemical Modification Of Oils For Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Modification Of Oils For Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Type and Catalyst Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Updates On the Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives

Appiah

Tulashie

Akpari

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Assuming the average yield of L. cubeba essential oil is 5%, the annual output of L. cubeba in China is around 30,000–40,000 tons according to incomplete statistics, leading to around 28,500–38,000 tons of residues generated. Although several recent studies tried to use them for either animal feed or oil pressing and modification for the sake of improving utilization rate [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], the integrated utilization of L. cubeba toward a sustainable valorization still need progress in exploring appropriate techniques to reach a compromise of economic and ecological benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Valorization of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Residue as the New Lauric Oil Source Using Alternative Green Extraction and Refining Methods

Zhuang

et al. 2022

Foods

Self Cite

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Litsea cubeba is an ethnic woody oil plant, in which essential oil rather than oil has been the main foreign trade product through the decades. Concerning large amounts of residue generated from L. cubeba essential oil processing, a sustainable valorization pathway of these biowastes is proposed in this study. First, such biowastes have been systematically investigated for the first time regarding their oils extracted by three extraction methods, where ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) could significantly improve the extraction rate of traditional pressing and solvent extraction without any changes in oil quality. Moreover, the composition of acylglycerols and fatty acids in L. cubeba fruit, kernel, and peel oils were also first identified, which further proved that peels with abundant free fatty acids could lead to high acid value of L. cubeba fruit oils. Compared to virgin coconut oils, L. cubeba kernel oils have a more balanced fatty acid composition with a high lauric acid level, which could be applied as a promising lauric oil resource. Considering the high acid value in L. cubeba kernel oils, both decoloration using activated clay and alkali deacidification were attempted, where the combination of alkali deacidification and 10% of activated clay performed the best considering both quality and cost.

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A continuous high-efficient demetallization strategy for used lubricating oils resource utilization

Yang

Chu

Wang

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Litsea cubeba kernel oil as a promising new medium-chain saturated fatty acid feedstock for biolubricant base oil synthesis

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives

Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives

Sustainable Valorization of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Residue as the New Lauric Oil Source Using Alternative Green Extraction and Refining Methods

A continuous high-efficient demetallization strategy for used lubricating oils resource utilization

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