Litomosoides carinii-Infektion der Mastomys natalensis: Zusammenh�nge zwischen Mikrofilari�mie und Adulten-Population

Zahner, Horst; Lämmler, G.; Schütze, H. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00329166

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There was an earlier onset of parasite death in heavier than in weaker infections but, otherwise, a longer persistence of living adult worms in the former case and a positive correlation between microfilaraemia levels and the numbers of adult worms. However, in BALB/c mice, the end of parasitaemia coincides with the elimination of adult worms, whereas in M. coucha and cotton rats, the adult parasites persist after disappearence of blood microfilariae (31). The latter resembles the situation known in filariae infected humans (32,33) and the lack of a ‘postpatency’ may be regarded as a disadvantage of the model system used in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular immune responses of filaria (Litomosoides sigmodontis) infected BALB/c mice detected on the level of cytokine transcription

Taubert

Zahner

2001

Parasite Immunology

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Cellular immune responses of BALB/c mice infected with 80 or 160 L3 of Litomosoides sigmodontis were studied over a period of 200 days postinfection (p.i.) by stimulating spleen cells with specific microfilariae and adult antigens and Concanavalin A (Con A). Effects were determined as the level of transcription of cytokine genes [interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13] employing a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. Con A stimulation resulted in generally enhanced transcription levels in infected animals. Exposure to filarial antigens stimulated T cells of infected animals dependent on time p.i. There was a general strong response in the early prepatency (24 days p.i.), a temporary almost complete downregulation of cytokine gene transcription except IL-10 towards the end of prepatency (45 days p.i.), and subsequently strong reactions particularly concerning IFN-gamma and IL-13 during patency and postpatency. The dose of infection as well as the mode of antigenic stimulation had generally only small effects on the cytokine gene transcription: following the same type of kinetics, infection with 160 L3 as well as the use of microfilarial antigen generally induced lower levels of cytokine gene transcription compared with infection with 80 L3 and stimulation with female antigen, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular immune responses of filaria (Litomosoides sigmodontis) infected BALB/c mice detected on the level of cytokine transcription

Taubert

Zahner

2001

Parasite Immunology

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“…in the periphery (Supplementary Figure 4). These results show that L. sigmodontis worms can survive and produce MF in RAG2IL-2Rg-deficient C57BL/6 mice for a longer period of time in contrast to other mouse systems (38) and are comparable to infections in Mastomoys coucha (60). Since RAG2IL-2Rg-deficient C57BL/6 mice lack T, B and natural killer cells (55), we suggested that adoptive cell transfer experiments might reveal crucial immune cell subsets and immune mechanisms that are important for immunity against filariae.…”

Section: Investigation Of L Sigmodontis Immunity Using Adoptive Immune Cell Transfers Into Rag2il2rg-deficient Micementioning

confidence: 62%

“…Indeed, this knockout strain was recently used to obtain Loa loa larvae stages and adult worms ( 34 , 35 ) that were used to investigate Loa loa -specific immune responses ( 66 ). In addition, we showed that the combined knockout of the RAG2 gene and IL-2Rγ chain, which leads to a complete loss of T, B and natural killer cells ( 55 ), in semi-susceptible C57BL/6 mice results into 100% patency, higher worm numbers ( 60 ) and long-lasting secretion of MF, in contrast to susceptible knockout BALB/c mice ( 46 , 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoptive Transfer of Immune Cells Into RAG2IL-2Rγ-Deficient Mice During Litomosoides sigmodontis Infection: A Novel Approach to Investigate Filarial-Specific Immune Responses

et al. 2021

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Despite long-term mass drug administration programmes, approximately 220 million people are still infected with filariae in endemic regions. Several research studies have characterized host immune responses but a major obstacle for research on human filariae has been the inability to obtain adult worms which in turn has hindered analysis on infection kinetics and immune signalling. Although the Litomosoides sigmodontis filarial mouse model is well-established, the complex immunological mechanisms associated with filarial control and disease progression remain unclear and translation to human infections is difficult, especially since human filarial infections in rodents are limited. To overcome these obstacles, we performed adoptive immune cell transfer experiments into RAG2IL-2Rγ-deficient C57BL/6 mice. These mice lack T, B and natural killer cells and are susceptible to infection with the human filaria Loa loa. In this study, we revealed a long-term release of L. sigmodontis offspring (microfilariae) in RAG2IL-2Rγ-deficient C57BL/6 mice, which contrasts to C57BL/6 mice which normally eliminate the parasites before patency. We further showed that CD4+ T cells isolated from acute L. sigmodontis-infected C57BL/6 donor mice or mice that already cleared the infection were able to eliminate the parasite and prevent inflammation at the site of infection. In addition, the clearance of the parasites was associated with Th17 polarization of the CD4+ T cells. Consequently, adoptive transfer of immune cell subsets into RAG2IL-2Rγ-deficient C57BL/6 mice will provide an optimal platform to decipher characteristics of distinct immune cells that are crucial for the immunity against rodent and human filarial infections and moreover, might be useful for preclinical research, especially about the efficacy of macrofilaricidal drugs.

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“…This rodent develops high-level and long-lasting micro®laremia after L. sigmodontis-infection (Zahner et al 1974), whereas low and short-lasting levels of micro®laremia are observed in the mouse system (Petit et al 1992). Indeed, the M. coucha immune system is far less well characterized than the mouse system, but the model at least allows determinations of T-cell responses by proliferation assays and of interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels by bioassay, both of which techniques were used in the current study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects in Litomosoides sigmodontis -infected Mastomys coucha

Schönfeld

Zahner

2000

Parasitology Research

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The levels of parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies and mitogen-induced and parasite-specific proliferative T-cell responses were determined in Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected Mastomys coucha throughout an observation period of 400 days post infection (p.i.). These were compared with the respective reactions in animals that had been immunized with intrauterine stages/microfilariae of the parasite and in animals that had been challenged after immunization as determined at up to 60 days after challenge. IgG1 antibodies to adult antigen developed early and reached a plateau at 120 days p.i., whereas IgG2 antibodies were not found before day 60 p.i., increased with rising parasitemia, reached a plateau at 200 days p.i., and, in some animals, even became the predominant IgG subclass. Proliferative responses of spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), but not Con-A-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, were found to be suppressed in infected animals during patency as compared with uninfected controls. Spleen cells of infected animals showed a weak proliferative reaction to male antigen but were unresponsive to female and microfilarial antigen during prepatency and early patency. Subsequently, when microfilaremia decreased (200 days p.i.), continuously increasing responses to all antigens were observed. Immunized M. coucha developed specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies, and their spleen cells showed strong proliferative responses to the three L. sigmodontis antigens. Challenge infections down-regulated the proliferative responses of spleen cells to filarial antigens as early as during the prepatent phase of the challenge infection but supported existing IgG1 and IgG2 responses.

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Litomosoides carinii-Infektion der Mastomys natalensis: Zusammenh�nge zwischen Mikrofilari�mie und Adulten-Population

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Cellular immune responses of filaria (Litomosoides sigmodontis) infected BALB/c mice detected on the level of cytokine transcription

Cellular immune responses of filaria (Litomosoides sigmodontis) infected BALB/c mice detected on the level of cytokine transcription

Adoptive Transfer of Immune Cells Into RAG2IL-2Rγ-Deficient Mice During Litomosoides sigmodontis Infection: A Novel Approach to Investigate Filarial-Specific Immune Responses

Immunomodulatory effects in Litomosoides sigmodontis -infected Mastomys coucha

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