Lithosphere thermal structure and evolution of the Transylvanian Depression — insights from new geothermal measurements and modelling results

Demetrescu, Camil; Nielsen, Søren B.; Ene, M.; Şerban, Delia Zemira; Polonic, Gabriela; Andreescu, M.; Pop, A; Balling, Niels

doi:10.1016/s0031-9201(01)00259-x

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…4, 10). The evidence is the present high heat flow corresponding exclusively to the volcanic area (Tari et al, 1999;Demetrescu et al, 2001). Along-arc temporal distribution of the volcanism has been already explained as gradual slab detachment following an oblique subduction stage (Mason et al 1998;Seghedi et al, 1998;Wortel and Spakman, 2000).…”

Section: B Eastern Part Of Transylvanian Basinmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The Transylvania basin, consisting of the Dacia block and north-east Tisza block, displayed minor Miocene upper crustal extension, which was replaced during the late Miocene by small scale contraction features and shallow salt diapirs (Krézsek and Bally, 2006;Maţenco et al, 2010a). Its crust and lithosphere have normal thicknesses (Dérerová et al, 2006), the surface heat-flux is low (30-60mW/m2) and shows higher values (120mW/m2) only where overlapping the narrow East Carpathian volcanic range (Demetrescu and Andreescu, 1994;Demetrescu et al, 2001). Major processes accommodating the extensional deformation in the Pannonian basin were of wide-rift type and core-complex type, characterized by crustal flow sometimes associated with doming and lateral escape of the lower-middle crust at the expense of low154 buoyancy lithosphere (Tari et al, 1999;Csontos and Vörös, 2004).…”

Section: Geodynamic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry and tectonic development of Cenozoic magmatism in the Carpathian–Pannonian region

Seghedi¹,

Downes

2011

Gondwana Research

133

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This updated review considers the magmatic processes in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (CPR) during Early Miocene to Recent times, as well as the contemporaneous magmatism at its southern boundary in the Dinaride and Balkans regions. This geodynamic system was controlled by the Cretaceous to Neogene subduction and collision of Africa with Eurasia, especially by Adria that generated the Alps to the north, the Dinaride-Hellenide belt to the east and caused extrusion, collision and inversion tectonics in the CPR. This long-lived subduction system supplied the mantle lithosphere with various subduction components. The CPR contains Neogene to Quaternary magmatic rocks of highly diverse compositions (calc19 alkaline, K-alkalic, ultrapotassic and Na-alkalic) that were generated in response to complex post-collisional tectonic processes. These processes formed extensional basins in response to an interplay of compression and extension within two microplates: ALCAPA and TiszaDacia. Competition between the different tectonic processes at both local and regional scales caused variations in the associated magmatism, mainly a result of extension and differences in the rheological properties and composition of the lithosphere. Extension led to disintegration of the microplates that finally developed into two basin systems: the Pannonian and Transylvanian basins. The southern border of the CPR is edged by the Dinaride and Balkans (Sava and Vardar zones) that acted as a regional extensional tectonic setting during Miocene times. This extension was associated with small volume volcanism in narrow extensional sedimentary basins or granitoids in core-complex detachment systems. Major, trace element and isotopic data of magmatic rocks from the CPR suggest that subduction components were preserved in the lithospheric mantle after the CretaceousMiocene subduction and were reactivated especially by asthenosphere uprise via extension. Pre-collisional subduction-related volcanic activity is absent from the CPR area. Changes in the composition of the mantle through time support geodynamic scenarios of collision and extension that are linked to the evolution of the main blocks and their boundary relations. Weak lithospheric blocks (i.e. ALCAPA and western Tisza) generated the Pannonian basin and the adjacent Styrian, Transdanubian and Zărand basins which show high rates of vertical movement accompanied by a range of magmatic compositions. Strong lithospheric blocks (i.e. Dacia) were only marginally deformed, as in the northern and eastern part of the Transylvanian basin, where strike-slip faulting was associated with magmatism and extension. Strike slip tectonic and core complex extension was associated with small volume volcanism along older suture zones (Sava zone and Vardar zone) accommodating the extension in the Pannonian basin. Various magmas acted as lubricants in a range of tectonic processes.

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Section: B Eastern Part Of Transylvanian Basinmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Geodynamic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and tectonic development of Cenozoic magmatism in the Carpathian–Pannonian region

Seghedi¹,

Downes

2011

Gondwana Research

133

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“…the Transylvanian Basin and the eastern part of the Apuseni mountains, displays only minor Miocene upper crustal extension (Krézsek and Bally, 2006;Szakács and Krézsek, 2006). This transitional area has a rather low surface heat-flux (30-60mW/m2) which may indicate crust and lithosphere of normal thicknesses (Demetrescu and Andreescu, 1994;Demetrescu et al, 2001;Dererova et al, 2006). Significant differences exist between the northern (East European and Scythian Platforms) and southern (Moesian Platform) parts of the foreland (Cloetingh et al, 2004 and references therein), north and south of the Trotus fault.…”

Section: Tectonic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene–Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region

et al. 2011

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The south-eastern part of the Carpathian-Pannonian region records the cessation of convergence between the European platform/ Moesia and the Tisza-Dacia microplate. Magmatic activity in this area, in close proximity to the 'Vrancea zone', shows a shift from normal calc-alkaline to much more diverse compositions (adakite-like calc-alkaline, K24 alkalic, mafic Na-alkaline and ultrapotassic) in the Pliocene-Quaternary, suggesting a significant change in geodynamic processes at approximately 3 Ma. We review the tectonic setting, timing, petrology and geochemistry of the post-collisional volcanism to constrain the role of geodynamics on melt production and migration. The calc-alkaline volcanism (5.3-3.9 Ma) marks the end of normal subduction-related magmatism along the post-collision Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita volcanic chain in front of the European convergent plate margin. At ca. 3 Ma magma compositions changed in South Harghita to adakite-like calc-alkaline and continued until recent times (< 0.03 Ma) interrupted at 1.6-1.2 Ma by generation of Na and K alkalic varieties, signifying changes in the source and melting mechanism. We attribute the progressive change in magma composition in front of the Moesian platform to two main geodynamic events: (1) slab-pull and steepening with opening of a tear window (adakite-like calc-alkaline magmas) and (2) inversion tectonics (Na and K alkalic magmas). Contemporaneous post-collision volcanism at the eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin at 2.6-1.3 Ma was dominated by Na alkalic and ultrapotassic magmas, suggesting a close relationship with thermal rifting and inversion tectonics. Similar timing, magma chamber processes and volume for K-alkalic (shoshonitic) magmas in the South Apuseni Mountains (1.6 Ma) and South Harghita area at a distance of ca. 200 km imply a regional connection with the inversion tectonics. Key words: Post-collisional slab mechanics, calc-alkaline, adakite-like, Na-alkalic, K-alkalic and ultrapotassic magmas. IntroductionPost-collision magmatism at convergent plate boundaries is very complex and is usually characterized by the presence of adakite-like and/or alkaline magmas, e.g. in the Mediterranean (Duggen et al., 2005), Tibet (Turner et al., 1996;Mo et al., 2006) and Baja California (Negrete-Aranda and Cañon-Tapia, 2008). The existence of such magmas may be associated with the post-collisional evolution of inherited slabs. A typical Africa-European collision zone includes a subduction stage characterized by roll-back associated with extensional back-arc volcanism in highly arcuate orogenic settings (Faccenna et al., 2004;Harangi et al., 2006). The SE Carpathians is a region where the post-collisional stage of a highly arcuate orogen is associated with unusual volcanism, where the final stage of roll-back of the slab can be seen in the high-velocity intermediate-depth mantle anomaly detected by seismic tomography studies (e.g., Martin et al., 2006), associated with the Vrancea seismic zone (e.g., Oncescu and Bonjer, 1997). After the collision at 11...

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“…The paleogeothermal gradient is based on the present-day geothermal gradients obtained from the present-day surface heat flow, which is ∼40-60 mW/m 2 for the analyzed transect [Veliciu and Visarion, 1984;Demetrescu et al, 2001;Andreescu et al, 2002;Demetrescu et al, 2007]. Including thermal conductivities of 1.7-4.5 W/m/°C for the sampled rocks, a paleo-geothermal gradient of 20 ± 5°C/km was calculated for the entire transect.…”

Section: Interpretation and Estimates On Uplift And Erosion Subsidenmentioning

confidence: 99%

From nappe stacking to out‐of‐sequence postcollisional deformations: Cretaceous to Quaternary exhumation history of the SE Carpathians assessed by low‐temperature thermochronology

Merten¹,

Maţenco

Foeken

et al. 2010

Tectonics

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[1] Apatite fission track (AFT) and (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronology have been combined to constrain the exhumation history of the SE Carpathians. Cooling ages generally decrease from Cretaceous for the internal basement nappes (AFT ages), to Miocene-Quaternary (AFT and AHe, respectively) for the external sedimentary wedge. The AFT and AHe data show a Paleogene age cluster, which confirms a suspected but never demonstrated tectonic event. The new data furthermore suggest that the SE Carpathians have been affected by a middle Miocene exhumation phase related to continental collision, which occurred at rates of ∼0.8 mm/yr, similar to the one previously inferred for the East Carpathians. The SE Carpathian tectonic evolution, however, is overprinted by two younger exhumation events in the Pliocene-Pleistocene. The first exhumation phase (latest Miocene-early Pliocene) occurred at high exhumation rates (∼1.7 mm/yr) and is interpreted as a tectonic event and/or associated with a sea level drop in the Paratethys basins during the Messinian low stand. The youngest recorded tectonic phase suggests rapid Pleistocene exhumation (∼1.6 mm/yr) and is interpreted to represent crustal-scale shortening different in mechanics from collisional processes. The data suggest that the SE Carpathians did not develop as a typical double-vergent orogenic wedge; instead, exhumation was related to a foreland-vergent sequence of nappe stacking during collision and was subsequently followed by a large out-of-sequence shortening event truncating the already locked collisional boundary.

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Lithosphere thermal structure and evolution of the Transylvanian Depression — insights from new geothermal measurements and modelling results

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Geochemistry and tectonic development of Cenozoic magmatism in the Carpathian–Pannonian region

Geochemistry and tectonic development of Cenozoic magmatism in the Carpathian–Pannonian region

Tectonic significance of changes in post-subduction Pliocene–Quaternary magmatism in the south east part of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region

From nappe stacking to out‐of‐sequence postcollisional deformations: Cretaceous to Quaternary exhumation history of the SE Carpathians assessed by low‐temperature thermochronology

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