Lithospermum Species

Abstract

A complete analysis of the composition of Lithosperumum officina Ie L. has not been performed; however, various constituents were identified when searching for the active principle.In the herb, 1.3% phosphatides were found, including phytoglucolipid, monophosphoinositide, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidy1choline, a cerebroside, and p-sitostero!. Various amino acids were detected, as were 0.03% scyllitol and bornesite. A cyanogenic glycoside was isolated and identified [1]. Gallotannins and tannins of the catechin type were also found.Rutin, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid could be identified [2]. Later on, lithospermic acid [3] and rosmarinic acid [4] were isolated.In the root glucose, saccharose, giucofructosane, myristic acid, and fatty acids were found [5] as well as p-sitosterol, rutin and bornesit. The red pigment is probably shikonin [2]. Lithospermic acid was identified subsequently [3].The seed contains 17-20% fatty oil, composed of neutral fats; 1.3% phosphatides and fatty acids, consisting of palmitic acid, stearic acid, hexadecadiene acid, octadecatriene acid, hydroxypentacosene acid, hydroxyeicosatriene acid [5], oleic acid, linolenic acid, tetraenic acid; and vitamin E and fructane. The ash (30%) is composed of CaO (59%), Si02 (27%), K20, MgO, P20 S , N20, and Fe203 [2].Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have also been detected in the plant [6,7].

Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Lithospermum officinale L.: A Review of Phytochemicals and Ethnomedicinal Uses

“…Phenolics (phenolic acids) caffeic acid [38] lithospermic acid [65] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobia anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotectiv [66] caffeic acid [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobia anticancer (inhibits), neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] chlorogenic acid [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, weight loss antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] Flavonoids luteolin-7 betaglucuronide [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic neuroprotective, cardioprotective [68][69][70] Flavonoids rutin [71] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic vasoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective [72] Lipids (fatty acids) γ-linolenic acid [73] anti-inflammatory, skin health, hormonal balance, immune system support [74][75][76] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer (inhibits), neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] chlorogenic acid [38] lithospermic acid [65] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrob anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotect [66] caffeic acid [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrob anticancer (inhibits), neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] chlorogenic acid [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, weight lo antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] Flavonoids luteolin-7 betaglucuronide [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallerg neuroprotective, cardioprotective [68-70…”

“…antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective [68][69][70] Flavonoids rutin [71] lithospermic acid [65] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrob anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotecti [66] caffeic acid [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrob anticancer (inhibits), neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] chlorogenic acid [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, weight los antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective [67] Flavonoids luteolin-7 betaglucuronide [38] antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallerg neuroprotective, cardioprotective [68-70…”