Lithology and evolution of Devonian carbonate and carbonate-cemented rocks in Estonia

Kleesment, A; Shogenova, Alla

doi:10.3176/geol.2005.3.02

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The mainly siliciclastic sequence contains carbonate-dominated units, interlayers, and seams of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic rocks (Figs 2, 3;Kleesment & Mark-Kurik 1997). Dolostones and dolomitic marlstones (commonly aphano-and finely crystalline varieties) are mostly found in the Leivu and Vadja formations (Fms; Kleesment & Shogenova 2005). The siliciclastic rocks are mainly poorly cemented, well-to mediumsorted, fine-to very fine-grained sandstones.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interbeds of medium-grained sandstones occur in the Rezekne, Pärnu, Burtnieki and Gauja Fms, those of siltstones in the Kernave and Aruküla Fms. Besides dolomitecemented rocks, also gypsum, late diagenetic calcite (Kleesment & Shogenova 2005) and Fe-hydroxidecemented (Shogenova et al 2009) interlayers are found.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purely siliciclastic rocks have a lower porosity than siliciclastic zones with a similar content of cement within the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sequences of the Leivu and Vadja Fms (Fig. 8B), where fracturing, leaching and dissolution processes have generated secondary porosity (Kleesment & Shogenova 2005).…”

Section: Character Of Cement and Its Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Kleesment¹,

Kirsimäe²,

Martma³

et al. 2012

Estonian J. Earth Sci.

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The spatial and temporal distribution of carbonate cementation was investigated in Devonian siliciclastic rocks of the northern part of the Baltic basin, using geochemical (oxygen and carbon stable isotope, microprobe and bulk chemical analyses), optical, scanning electron and cathodoluminescence microscope methods. Carbonate cementation in the studied rocks is dolomitic and only rarely calcitic. Dolomite cementation occurs as laterally persistent zones, lenses or concretionary forms. Carbonate-cemented beds are the most common at the level of the maximum flooding surface and within the regressive system tract sediments. Levels of concretionary cementation with dolocrete features possibly mark the position of subaerial unconformities. Interpretation of dolomite δ13C and δ18O values suggests marine and/or mixed marine-meteoric origin of diagenetic fluids. Marine origin of fluids is interpreted in the diagenetic alteration of siliciclastic interlayers in the Leivu and Kernave sequences that were cemented penecontemporaneously with early diagenetic dolomitization of carbonate rocks. The siliciclastic intervals of the Vadja Formation and partly of the Leivu Formation were cemented somewhat later with dolomite precipitated from mixed marine-meteoric pore water. Carbon isotopic values suggest that carbon was mainly derived from marine sources, except in the Pärnu Formation where negative δ13C values of dolomite indicate that carbon was derived from oxidation of organic materials

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Character Of Cement and Its Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Kleesment¹,

Kirsimäe²,

Martma³

et al. 2012

Estonian J. Earth Sci.

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“…The rocks, corresponding to the upper, Kernave Fm, crop out on the banks of the Gorodenka Brook and Poruni River, where there occur the sandstones and siltstones, characterizing this formation in Estonia and North Latvia [7,8]. In the course of oil shale exploration numerous boreholes were drilled through the section of the Narva RS, eight of which were used for the present study together with rock samples from four outcrops (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples from eight South Estonian drill cores [8][9][10][11] were used for comparison. The Narva RS crops out in NE Estonia and the northern part of the Leningrad Region, while elsewhere it is mainly covered by younger rocks [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Features of the Middle Devonian Narva Formation Covering the Oil Shale Bearing Rocks in Estonia

Kleesment¹,

Shogenova²,

Shogenov³

2007

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Mineral composition and properties of the Devonian carbonate rocks of Narva Regional Stage of NE Estonia, unconformably overlying the oil-shale bearing rocks of the Ordovician Kukruse Regional Stage, are discussed. Kerogen particles disintegrated from the kukersite-bearing Ordovician Viivikonna Formation due to erosion during the Late Silurian -Middle Devonian break in sedimentation and redeposited in lowermost layers of the Middle Devonian Vadja Formation. This allothigenic organic component specifically influenced the further diagenetic processes in the sediments. Star-like dolomite splays and needle-like crystals, chalcedony nodules, siderite and sulphide minerals of authigenic dolomite were formed. The presence of organic material and sulphur favoured for accumulation of total iron including FeO. When compared with coeval rocks from South Estonia, these rocks differ also by decrease in grain and bulk density.

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Composition and properties of the iron hydroxides-cemented lenses in Estonian sandstone of Middle Devonian age

et al. 2009

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The formation of hematite and goethite concretions in different sedimentary rocks including sandstones is an important diagenetic process in the geologic history of the Earth. Its interpretation can also contribute to understanding the diagenetic history of Martian iron hydroxide concretions.A case study of iron-rich concretions from Estonian Middle Devonian sandstones exposed in ancient river valleys in southeastern Estonia was carried out based on the results of mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, petrophysical and magnetic analyses. It was found that the high Fe 2 O 3 (total) content (25.0−39.5%), high magnetic susceptibility, bulk and grain density, very low porosity, corrosion and fracturing of the quartz grains of the platy iron concretions are in contrast with properties of the Devonian host sandstones. However the ferrous iron content (measured as FeO) of iron-rich concretions was as low as in the other Devonian rocks, suggesting an oxidizing environment and arid climate during the cementation by iron-hydroxides. The fracturing of quartz grains cemented by iron hydroxides could take place at near-surface conditions including vadose and phreatic zones in arid climate with high evaporation rates. Such climatic conditions have been reported for the Baltic region during Devonian, Upper Permian and Triassic times.We have found that goethite is prevalent in the cement, replacing clay and carbonate minerals. We assume that this iron-rich cement is originated from the mobilization of iron in host sandstones by groundwater, associated with tectonic activity at the end of the Middle Devonian, evidenced by fracturing in Devonian outcrops and caves. Although this mobilization could occur under reducing conditions, precipitation of goethite and hematite for the cementation could take place in oxidizing environment along bedding planes close to the surface during short sedimentation breaks. Another possible time for the formation of iron concretions could be Permian, under the condition of both arid climate and tectonic activity. A. Shogenova et al. 112 Stud. Geophys. Geod., 53 (2009) K e y wo r d s : Middle Devonian, iron hydroxides, sandstone, hematite and goethite concretions, chemical composition, mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility, density, porosity

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Lithology and evolution of Devonian carbonate and carbonate-cemented rocks in Estonia

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Unusual Features of the Middle Devonian Narva Formation Covering the Oil Shale Bearing Rocks in Estonia

Composition and properties of the iron hydroxides-cemented lenses in Estonian sandstone of Middle Devonian age

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