Lithological Characteristics of the Uppermost Terrigenous Devonian Complex in Estonia

Kleesment, A

doi:10.3176/geol.1995.4.03

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The present-day burial depths in the studied area are up to 480 m (Kleesment & Mark-Kurik 1997). However, they reach 900 m in the southern drill cores in Latvia.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…2) comprises rocks that formed in various depositional environments. The mainly siliciclastic sequence contains carbonate-dominated units, interlayers, and seams of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic rocks (Figs 2, 3;Kleesment & Mark-Kurik 1997). Dolostones and dolomitic marlstones (commonly aphano-and finely crystalline varieties) are mostly found in the Leivu and Vadja formations (Fms; Kleesment & Shogenova 2005).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper part of the examined sequence (Kernave, Aruküla, Burtnieki and Gauja Fms) is represented by silty to fine-grained siliciclastic sediments, considered to be deposited in shallow-marine and deltaic settings (Kleesment 1997;Plink-Björklund & Björklund 1999;Pontén & Plink-Björklund 2007;. The sand-rich progradational part is composed of several depositional units starting with sandstones and grading upwards into mudstones and siltstones, presumably indicating sea-level fluctuations (Kleesment 1997;Kleesment & Mark-Kurik 1997). The distinguished cycles are observed over a large area and are specified as members on a stratigraphic scale (Figs 2, 3;Kleesment 1994Kleesment , 1995.…”

Section: Depositional Facies and Sequence Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Kleesment¹,

Kirsimäe²,

Martma³

et al. 2012

Estonian J. Earth Sci.

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The spatial and temporal distribution of carbonate cementation was investigated in Devonian siliciclastic rocks of the northern part of the Baltic basin, using geochemical (oxygen and carbon stable isotope, microprobe and bulk chemical analyses), optical, scanning electron and cathodoluminescence microscope methods. Carbonate cementation in the studied rocks is dolomitic and only rarely calcitic. Dolomite cementation occurs as laterally persistent zones, lenses or concretionary forms. Carbonate-cemented beds are the most common at the level of the maximum flooding surface and within the regressive system tract sediments. Levels of concretionary cementation with dolocrete features possibly mark the position of subaerial unconformities. Interpretation of dolomite δ13C and δ18O values suggests marine and/or mixed marine-meteoric origin of diagenetic fluids. Marine origin of fluids is interpreted in the diagenetic alteration of siliciclastic interlayers in the Leivu and Kernave sequences that were cemented penecontemporaneously with early diagenetic dolomitization of carbonate rocks. The siliciclastic intervals of the Vadja Formation and partly of the Leivu Formation were cemented somewhat later with dolomite precipitated from mixed marine-meteoric pore water. Carbon isotopic values suggest that carbon was mainly derived from marine sources, except in the Pärnu Formation where negative δ13C values of dolomite indicate that carbon was derived from oxidation of organic materials

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“…The present-day burial depths in the studied area are up to 480 m (Kleesment & Mark-Kurik 1997). However, they reach 900 m in the southern drill cores in Latvia.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depositional Facies and Sequence Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Kleesment¹,

Kirsimäe²,

Martma³

et al. 2012

Estonian J. Earth Sci.

Self Cite

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“…The Burtnieki Stage with the thickness of 60-90 m corresponds to the Burtnieki Formation consisting of light finegrained weakly cemented crossbedded sandstones with interlayers of siltstone and clay (Kleesment 1995;Kleesment & MarkKurik 1997). The formation is divided into the Härma, Koorküla and Abava members (Mark Kurik & Põldvere 2012; mostly termed 'beds' in older papers).…”

Section: Geological and Hydro Geo Logical Set Ting Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation is divided into the Härma, Koorküla and Abava members (Mark Kurik & Põldvere 2012; mostly termed 'beds' in older papers). Each unit begins with relatively coarsegrained light (yellowish, pinkish, greyish and brownish) sandstones and ends with clayey silt layers (Kleesment 1995). Strongly cemented platy lensshaped interlayers of ironoxiderich sandstone are found in the Burtnieki Formation.…”

Section: Geological and Hydro Geo Logical Set Ting Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and geological sources of naturally high iron in the Middle Devonian aquifer system, Estonia

Hiiob¹,

Karro²,

Uppin³

et al. 2020

EJES

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Groundwater pumped from the terrigenous Middle Devonian (D 2 ) aquifer system is naturally rich in iron (Fe), making it a challenge to fulfil the requirements for drinking water quality. The total iron (Fe tot ) concentrations are above the limit value set for drinking water (0.2 mg/L) in 81% of the analysed water samples. The highest Fe tot values reach up to 26 mg/L in some locations of southern Estonia. Due to the reducing conditions in the aquifer system, most of the Fe tot concentrations are caused by a high Fe 2+ content. Infiltrated aerobic water becomes anaerobic and Fe 3+ reducing along a deep flow path, leading to the downgradient increase in dissolved Fe concentrations. In order to study the natural sources of Fe in the Middle Devonian aquifer system, rock samples from the Narva, Aruküla, Burtnieki and Gauja stages were used for chemical analyses and leaching experiments. The wholerock chemical analyses showed large variation in the Fe 2 O 3 content (1.20-9.91%), whereas the values were higher in aquiferforming siltstones than in sandstones. The amount of the leached Fe in groundwater is partly controlled by the granulometric composition of terrigenous rocks. The highest leached Fe tot (up to 1.7 mg/L) concentrations were detected in the rocks where the share of the sand fraction is over 70%. As a rule, water is abstracted from sandstones having large pores and good groundwater yield, therefore water quality problems could only be solved by installing Fe removal facilities in southern Estonia.

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Composition and properties of the iron hydroxides-cemented lenses in Estonian sandstone of Middle Devonian age

et al. 2009

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The formation of hematite and goethite concretions in different sedimentary rocks including sandstones is an important diagenetic process in the geologic history of the Earth. Its interpretation can also contribute to understanding the diagenetic history of Martian iron hydroxide concretions.A case study of iron-rich concretions from Estonian Middle Devonian sandstones exposed in ancient river valleys in southeastern Estonia was carried out based on the results of mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, petrophysical and magnetic analyses. It was found that the high Fe 2 O 3 (total) content (25.0−39.5%), high magnetic susceptibility, bulk and grain density, very low porosity, corrosion and fracturing of the quartz grains of the platy iron concretions are in contrast with properties of the Devonian host sandstones. However the ferrous iron content (measured as FeO) of iron-rich concretions was as low as in the other Devonian rocks, suggesting an oxidizing environment and arid climate during the cementation by iron-hydroxides. The fracturing of quartz grains cemented by iron hydroxides could take place at near-surface conditions including vadose and phreatic zones in arid climate with high evaporation rates. Such climatic conditions have been reported for the Baltic region during Devonian, Upper Permian and Triassic times.We have found that goethite is prevalent in the cement, replacing clay and carbonate minerals. We assume that this iron-rich cement is originated from the mobilization of iron in host sandstones by groundwater, associated with tectonic activity at the end of the Middle Devonian, evidenced by fracturing in Devonian outcrops and caves. Although this mobilization could occur under reducing conditions, precipitation of goethite and hematite for the cementation could take place in oxidizing environment along bedding planes close to the surface during short sedimentation breaks. Another possible time for the formation of iron concretions could be Permian, under the condition of both arid climate and tectonic activity. A. Shogenova et al. 112 Stud. Geophys. Geod., 53 (2009) K e y wo r d s : Middle Devonian, iron hydroxides, sandstone, hematite and goethite concretions, chemical composition, mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility, density, porosity

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Lithological Characteristics of the Uppermost Terrigenous Devonian Complex in Estonia

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

Linkage of diagenesis to depositional environments and stratigraphy in the northern part of the Baltic basin

The occurrence and geological sources of naturally high iron in the Middle Devonian aquifer system, Estonia

Composition and properties of the iron hydroxides-cemented lenses in Estonian sandstone of Middle Devonian age

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