Lithographically Integrated Microsupercapacitors for Compact, High Performance, and Designable Energy Circuits

Laszczyk, Karolina; Kobashi, Kazufumi; Sakurai, Shunsuke; Sekiguchi, Atsuko; Futaba, Don N.; Yamada, Takeo; Hata, Kenji

doi:10.1002/aenm.201500741

Cited by 68 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It could potentially increase the density of supercapacitor devices and reduce their complexity by removing intricate interconnects to bulky energy storage devices. [425][426][427] The possibility of integration as microelectronic devices enable them more application in integrating energy conversion devices and other electronic circuits. MSCs are expected to play an important role in future self-powered microelectronics and microelectromechanical devices with high energy, power density and long cycle life as well as the adaptability to various substrates.…”

Section: Microsupercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Design and System Construction for Conventional and New‐Concept Supercapacitors

et al. 2017

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With the development of renewable energy and electrified transportation, electrochemical energy storage will be more urgent in the future. Supercapacitors have received extensive attention due to their high power density, fast charge and discharge rates, and long‐term cycling stability. During past five years, supercapacitors have been boomed benefited from the development of nanostructured materials synthesis and the promoted innovation of devices construction. In this review, we have summarized the current state‐of‐the‐art development on the fabrication of high‐performance supercapacitors. From the electrode material perspective, a variety of materials have been explored for advanced electrode materials with smart material‐design strategies such as carbonaceous materials, metal compounds and conducting polymers. Proper nanostructures are engineered to provide sufficient electroactive sites and enhance the kinetics of ion and electron transport. Besides, new‐concept supercapacitors have been developed for practical application. Microsupercapacitors and fiber supercapacitors have been explored for portable and compact electronic devices. Subsequently, we have introduced Li‐/Na‐ion supercapacitors composed of battery‐type electrodes and capacitor‐type electrode. Integrated energy devices are also explored by incorporating supercapacitors with energy conversion systems for sustainable energy storage. In brief, this review provides a comprehensive summary of recent progress on electrode materials design and burgeoning devices constructions for high‐performance supercapacitors.

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Section: Microsupercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Design and System Construction for Conventional and New‐Concept Supercapacitors

et al. 2017

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“…[3] Unfortunately, the bulky sizes and low specific capacitances of AECs greatly impede the integration and miniaturization of electronic circuits. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In fact, several ultrahigh-rate ECs based on graphene, [4,7,8] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [10][11][12] or conducting polymers [6,13,14] can respond harmonically at 120 Hz (the double value of the AC power standard in the United States), implying that they can be applied to develop next-generation AC line filters. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In fact, several ultrahigh-rate ECs based on graphene, [4,7,8] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [10][11][12] or conducting polymers [6,13,14] can respond harmonically at 120 Hz (the double value of the AC power standard in the United States), implying that they can be applied to develop next-generation AC line filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these ECs are workable only in aqueous media because of the high ionic conductivities of aqueous electrolytes. [10,12,16] Therefore, ultrafast organic electrochemical capacitors (OECs) with a much wider voltage Figure S3, Supporting Information). [4,7,13,[15][16][17][18] A low operating voltage (U) makes the EC have a low energy density (E A ∝ U 2 ), greatly increasing the size and weight of corresponding AC line filter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voltage drop (IR drop) at the beginning of each discharge curve is negligible even at a high current density of 4 mA cm −2 , reflecting that the equivalent ESR of this EC is extremely low. As a proof of concept, we incorporated an OEC-4 into the rectifying unit of an AC-DC converter, [12] and succeeded in smoothing an AC signal (5 V peak|peak , 60 Hz, Figure 5c) in a circuit (Figure 5d). Its capacitance and phase angle kept nearly unchanged during this lifetime test (Figure 5b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrochemical stability of OEC-4 was tested by repeated GCD measurements at 2 mA cm −2 for 40 000 cycles. [12] This OEC with a high energy density has a great potential for the applications in linepowered electronics, a promising replacement of bulky AEC. The nearly identical EIS spectra before and after the cycling test ( Figure S8, Supporting Information) also confirmed the excellent cycling stability of this OEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene‐Based Organic Electrochemical Capacitors for AC Line Filtering

Chi

Zhou

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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window (around 3 V) are more favorable for practical applications. Up to date, only an ultrafast OEC based on CNT films has been reported in literature. [10] However, the preparation of CNT electrodes involved complicated processes of vacuum filtration and expensive chemical vapor deposition. Therefore, a facile and scalable method to fabricate OECs with excellent AC line-filtering performances still remains as a challenge.In this paper, we report the fabrication of OECs based on electrochemically reduced less defective graphene oxide (ERLGO) films with oriented 3D interconnected porous structures. For optimizing the performance of ERLGO electrode, LGO sheets with a small average size of 0.7 µm (sLGO) were used and the resulting ERsLGO electrode was further deeply reduced in an organic electrolyte. The typical OEC exhibited high areal specific energy density, excellent electrochemical stability, and superior rate capability, promising for AC line filtering. These OECs can also be connected in series or parallel to meet various demands in industrial levels. Results and DiscussionThe graphene electrode (Figure 1a) was prepared by electrochemical reduction of LGO or sLGO sheets in their aqueous dispersion (3 mg mL −1 ) at −1.1 V for 4 s, then further deeply reduced in an organic electrolyte at −2.0 V for 20 s. The organic electrolyte was 1 mol L −1 acetonitrile (AN) solution of tetraethylammonium-tetrafluoroborate (TEABF 4 ). LGO sheets were prepared by oxidation of graphite flakes at a low temperature of 0 °C. [19] They have an average lateral dimension of 7 µm (Figure 1b, Figure S1, Supporting Information). During the electrodeposition process, LGO sheets were selfassembled onto the surface of substrate electrode upon the driving by directional electric field. [20] Simultaneously, they were electrochemically reduced to ERLGO sheets to form a porous network because of π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. However, the ERLGO electrode has a relatively disordered porous structure ( Figure S2, Supporting Information) because of the steric obstacles of these large graphene sheets during their self-assembling process. Therefore, we pulverized LGO sheets in their aqueous dispersion by sonication, significantly reducing their average size to around 0.7 µm (Figure 1c, Less-defective graphene oxide sheets with a small average size of 0.7 µm are electrochemically reduced to form a hydrogel film with highly oriented porous structure. It is applied as the electrode of organic electrochemical capacitor (OEC) after solvent change with organic electrolyte and deep reduction in this organic medium. At 120 Hz, the typical OEC exhibits a high areal specific energy density of 472 µF V 2 cm −2 with a wide workable voltage window of 2.5 V, a phase angle of −80.5°, a resistor-capacitor time constant (τ RC ) of 0.219 ms, and an excellent electrochemical stability. Thus, it is promising to replace aluminum electrolytic capacitors for AC line filtering. Furthermore, two identical OECs connected in series keep the performance of single...

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