Lithogeochemical patterns around Pb-Zn mineralizations in Dinantian carbonate rocks of (eastern) Belgium

Swennen, Rudy; Viaene, Willy

doi:10.1007/bf00198994

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…1), where the Geul river is incised in Palaeozoic sandstone, dolomite, limestone and shale (Swennen and Viaene, 1990). Vertical profiles were sampled on two locations in the overbank sediments.…”

Section: Site Description and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc speciation in mining and smelter contaminated overbank sediments by EXAFS spectroscopy

Damme

Degryse

Smolders

et al. 2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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International audienceOverbank sediments contaminated with metalliferous minerals are a source of toxic metals that pose risks to living organisms. The overbank sediments from the Geul river in Belgium contain 4000–69,000 mg/kg Zn as a result of mining and smelting activities, principally during the 19th century. Three main Zn species were identified by powder Zn K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy: smithsonite (ZnCO3), tetrahedrally coordinated sorbed Zn (sorbed IVZn) and Zn-containing trioctahedral phyllosilicate. Smithsonite is a primary mineral, which accounts for approximately 20–60% of the Zn in sediments affected by mining and smelting of oxidized Zn ores (mostly carbonates and silicates). This species is almost absent in sediments affected by mining and smelting of both sulphidic (ZnS, PbS) and oxidized ores, presumably because of acidic dissolution associated with the oxidation of sulphides, as suggested by the lower pH of this second type of sediment (pH(CaCl2) <7.0 vs. pH(CaCl2) >7.0 for the first type). Thus, sulphide minerals in sediment deposits can act as a secondary source of dissolved metals by a chemical process analogous to acid mine drainage. The sorbed IVZn component ranges up to approximately 30%, with the highest proportion occurring at pH(CaCl2) <7.0 as a result of the readsorption of dissolved Zn2+ on sediments constituents. Kerolite-like Zn-rich phyllosilicate is the major secondary species in all samples, and in some the only detected species, thus providing the first evidence for pervasive sequestration of Zn into this newly formed precipitate at the field scale

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Section: Site Description and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc speciation in mining and smelter contaminated overbank sediments by EXAFS spectroscopy

Damme

Degryse

Smolders

et al. 2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Its catchment area is 350 km 2 and its gradient ranges from 0.02 m m −1 near the source to 0.005 m m −1 near the BelgianDutch border and 0.0015 m m −1 at its confluence with the Meuse. The Belgian part of the river valley is incised in Famennian sandstone, Tournaisian to Lower Visean dolomite, Visean limestone and Namurian shale (Swennen & Viaene, 1990). In The Netherlands, the river is asymmetrically incised in Cretaceous chalk and Tertiary sand.…”

Section: The Geul River Catchmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Land‐Use and Precipitation Changes on Floodplain Sedimentation in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Geul River, The Netherlands)

Stam¹

2002

Flood and Megaflood Processes and Deposits

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flowing through France, Belgium and The Netherlands; Fig. 1a) flooded severely, causing extensive damage and forcing massive evacuations. These events sparked an interest in land-use and climate change as possible causes of the recent, apparent increase in flood frequency. To separate the effects of land-use change and precipitation variability on the peak discharges of the Meuse, one would ideally need single cause-effect relationships for discrete time periods and a long discharge time-series. For a river basin such as the Meuse (33 000 km 2 ) there are no such undisturbed cause-effect relationships, because it is used for international commercial shipping and various other economic purposes, and therefore has been heavily engineered. Generally, peak discharges in the Meuse lead to flooding problems when peak discharges in subcatchments such as the Ourthe and the Sambre (Fig. 1a) coincide with those of the main channel Effects of land-use and precipitation changes on floodplain sedimentation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Geul River, ABSTRACTThe effects of land-use change and precipitation variability on the flow regime and sedimentation rates of floodplain deposits were studied in the Geul River in the southern part of The Netherlands. The catchment has a history of industrial mining, thus providing a means for dating the sediment. Several cut-bank sections were analysed for grain size, organic matter, Zn, Pb and 137 Cs, and sedimentation rates were calculated for the periods 1806-1845, 1845-1885, 1885-1955 and 1955-1996. Sedimentation rates were high between 1806 and 1885, very low between 1885 and 1955, and high again between 1955 and 1996. Rates of channel change derived from the analysis of aerial photographs show an increase after 1949 and 1981. Comparison with precipitation and land-use data indicates that the high sedimentation rates in the nineteenth century were caused by mining activities and deforestation, resulting in more floods in the low-magnitude-high-frequency range. The termination of industrial mining around 1885, subsequent reforestation, and the agricultural crisis of 1878-1895 all contributed to the low river activity during the first half of the twentieth century. The modernization of agriculture and increased precipitation have contributed to an increase in sedimentation rate and channel-change rate during the second half of the twentieth century. Increased soil erosion associated with the modernization of agriculture is an important new source of sediment.

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Heavy metal contamination in overbank sediments of the Geul river (East Belgium): Its relation to former Pb-Zn mining activities

Swennen

Keer

Vos

1994

Geo

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Lithogeochemical patterns around Pb-Zn mineralizations in Dinantian carbonate rocks of (eastern) Belgium

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Zinc speciation in mining and smelter contaminated overbank sediments by EXAFS spectroscopy

Zinc speciation in mining and smelter contaminated overbank sediments by EXAFS spectroscopy

Effects of Land‐Use and Precipitation Changes on Floodplain Sedimentation in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Geul River, The Netherlands)

Heavy metal contamination in overbank sediments of the Geul river (East Belgium): Its relation to former Pb-Zn mining activities

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