Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan

Johnson, Edward A.; Warwick, Peter D.; Roberts, Stephen; Khan, Intizar H.

doi:10.3133/pp1599

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Significant mineable coal resources are found in the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation (Johnson et al 1999). They are exposed in a discontinuous 300 km outcrop belt stretching from Johan to Chamalang, Pakistan.…”

Section: Palaeocene/eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Coal resource potential of Afghanistan

Wnuk¹

2015

International Geology Review

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Section: Palaeocene/eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Coal resource potential of Afghanistan

Wnuk¹

2015

International Geology Review

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“…A topographically positive area developed on the northwest continental margin, creating, for the first time, a northwestern source area for clastic sediments [49]. This tectonically elevated area, named the "axial belt" [52], is now characterized by discontinuous ophiolites (Bela, Muslimbagh, Zhob, Waziristan), associated melanges [52][53][54][55] and transform faults (Chaman-Ornach-Nal fault systems), and represents the present active northwestern border of the Indian plate.…”

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rocks were deposited in the SW-NE trending Indus basin that formed just east of the Indian shelf margin as it was uplifted during the late Paleocene initiation of compressional tectonics in the region. Previous work on the tectonostratigraphy of this region has focused largely on the Ghazij Formation which records the most dramatic sedimentary evidence of tectonism [44,49,50]. Here we add considerably to the database of information on the Ghazij Formation and also discuss the tectonostratigraphic significance of adjacent units and their relationship to the Ghazij.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These carbonates dominate the lower part of most stratigraphic sections in the field area ( Figure 2). Some passive margin clastic rocks are also present (e.g., Cretaceous Sember and Pab Formations) along with isolated volcanic deposits (e.g., Cretaceous Bibai Formation) that are thought to have been emplaced when the carbonate platform passed over the Reunion/Deccan hotspot as the Indian plate moved northward [33,49,51]. By the end of the Paleocene, it is thought that this part of the Indian subcontinent was approximately at, or slightly north of, the equator [26,31,44].…”

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower Paleogene Tectonostratigraphy of Balochistan: Evidence for Time-Transgressive Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Uplift

Khan

Clyde

2013

Geosciences

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Analysis of lithofacies, paleoflow directions, and sandstone petrography of upper Paleocene-lower Eocene paralic and continental sediments exposed along the transpressional suture zone of the western margin of the Indian plate indicate that the process of deformation and uplift of the carbonate shelf in this area had started by late Paleocene time. This tectonic uplift and deformation is documented by: (1) an overall shallowing upward synorogenic sequence of sediments, (2) proximal conglomerate facies (consisting of lower Paleocene and Mesozoic clasts) dominating in the western part of the study area and distal facies of sandstone and shale dominating in the eastern part of the study area, (3) the existence of an unconformity of late Paleocene-early Eocene age in the Quetta and Kalat regions, (4) paleocurrent directions in deltaic and fluvial deposits indicating southeastward flowing sediment dispersal paths during late Paleocene-early Eocene time, which is opposite to that found in the late Cretaceous, suggesting a reversal in the depositional slope of the Cretaceous shelf, and (5) petrographic study of sandstones indicating a collision suture/fold thrust belt provenance. This episode of uplift and deformation could be the result of India-Arabian transpression with associated ophiolite obduction or, more likely, to represent the local response to initial India-Asia contact. The unroofing pattern and uplift geometry of the western Indian shelf suggests that this tectonism first started in the southern part of the study area (Kalat-Khuzdar area) during the late Paleocene-early Eocene and proceeded northward in a time-transgressive fashion

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“…b Simplified geological map of northeastern Balochistan (modified fromJohnson et al 1999) showing the location of the Bugti Hills in the southern part of the Sulaiman Range. c Enlargement of the Bugti Agency area (Balochistan Province, central Pakistan); the full-black and open-white stars indicate the location of both new Bugtitherium-…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New remains of the enigmatic cetartiodactyl Bugtitherium grandincisivum Pilgrim, 1908, from the upper Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)

Métais

Antoine

Baqri

et al. 2006

Naturwissenschaften

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Newly discovered fossil material of the enigmatic cetartiodactyl Bugtitherium grandincisivum from the upper Oligocene of the Bugti Member of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan) is reported. These new specimens consist of two fragmentary muzzles (one preserving the first incisors and belonging to a juvenile) and a fragmentary right mandible with m3. The morphologies of the anterior dentition and m3 provided by these new specimens confirm the validity of the genus Bugtitherium and advocate probable anthracotheriid affinity for the genus rather than entelodontid or suoid affinities, but do not definitively close the debate about Bugtitherium's familial affinities within Cetartiodactyla. Although still poorly documented, this large-sized anthracotheriid-like cetartiodactyl is a possible key form for understanding the early evolution of hippos, and, in turn, the ancestry of whales, because of both its morphological similarities with hippos and primitive Paleogene whales and its Tethysian distribution.

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Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Coal resource potential of Afghanistan

Coal resource potential of Afghanistan

Lower Paleogene Tectonostratigraphy of Balochistan: Evidence for Time-Transgressive Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Uplift

New remains of the enigmatic cetartiodactyl Bugtitherium grandincisivum Pilgrim, 1908, from the upper Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)

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