Lithium: the gripping history of a psychiatric success story

Draaisma, Douwe

doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02480-0

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…35 Indeed, 7 of 88 patients enrolled in the ELIANA trial could not be treated with tisagenlecleucel due to manufacturing failures. 36 Moreover, some patients with advanced disease may succumb to the disease prior to receiving the therapy. These aspects, combined with long (12-20 days) production time and high costs, constitute important bottlenecks for the widespread use of this technology.…”

Section: Comparison Of Anti-tumor Activity Of Cells 4 H Vs or 24 H Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL using a point-of-care approach

et al. 2020

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Recently approved by the FDA and European Medicines Agency, CART cell therapy is a new treatment option for B-cell malignancies. Currently, CART cells are manufactured in centralized facilities and face bottlenecks like complex scaling up, high costs, and logistic operations. These difficulties are mainly related to the use of viral vectors and the requirement to expand CART cells to reach the therapeutic dose. In this paper, by using Sleeping Beauty-mediated genetic modification delivered by electroporation, we show that CART cells can be generated and used without the need for ex vivo activation and expansion, consistent with a point-of-care (POC) approach. Our results show that minimally manipulated CART cells are effective in vivo against RS4;11 leukemia cells engrafted in NSG mice even when inoculated after only 4 h of gene transfer. In an effort to better characterize the infused CART cells, we show that 19BBz T lymphocytes infused after 24 h of electroporation (where CAR expression is already detectable) can improve the overall survival and reduce tumor burden in organs of mice engrafted with RS4;11 or Nalm-6 B cell leukemia. A side-by-side comparison of POC approach with a conventional 8-day expansion protocol using Transact beads demonstrated that both approaches have equivalent antitumor activity in vivo. Our data suggest that POC approach is a viable alternative for the generation and use of CART cells, overcoming the limitations of current manufacturing protocols. Its use has the potential to expand CAR immunotherapy to a higher number of patients, especially in the context of low-income countries.

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Section: Comparison Of Anti-tumor Activity Of Cells 4 H Vs or 24 H Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL using a point-of-care approach

et al. 2020

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“…As the secondary Li-ion battery (LIB) is a major and growing industrial channel for the element, approximately 660 million cylindrical Li-ion cells were produced in 2012, of which Korea shared 21% of total LIB manufacturing capacity 2 . Lithium is also incorporated into alloys and is widely used as a therapeutic drug for treating bipolar disorder since its discovery in 1970 3 . Although future demands will continue to grow and Li recycling may become an integral part of Li business 4 , there are still few disposal process guidelines for waste LIB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anthropogenic inputs on lithium content in river and tap water

et al. 2019

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The use of lithium (Li) has dramatically increased during the last two decades due to the proliferation of mobile electronic devices and the diversification of electric-powered vehicles. Lithium is also prescribed as a medication against bipolar disorder. While Li can exert a toxic effect on living organisms, few studies have investigated the impact of anthropogenic inputs on Li levels in the environment. Here we report Li concentrations and Li isotope compositions of river, waste and tap water, and industrial products from the metropolitan city of Seoul. Results show that the large increase in population density in Seoul is accompanied by a large enrichment in aqueous Li. Lithium isotopes evidence a major release from Li-rich materials. Water treatment protocols are also shown to be inefficient for Li. Our study therefore highlights the need for a global Li survey and adequate solutions for minimizing their impact on ecosystems and city dwellers.

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“…584). The well-established knowledge that lithium makes an average difference in manic symptoms has been packaged into the first line of treatment for bipolar disorder in clinical practice (Volkmann, Bschor, & Köhler, 2020;Draaisma, 2019). "I don't believe in God," wrote Jaime Lowe, "but I believe in Lithium."…”

Section: First-and Second-generation Causal Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics

Madole

Harden

2022

Behav Brain Sci

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Behavior genetics is a controversial science. For decades, scholars have sought to understand the role of heredity in human behavior and life-course outcomes. Recently, technological advances and the rapid expansion of genomic databases have facilitated the discovery of genes associated with human phenotypes like educational attainment and substance use disorders. To maximize the potential of this flourishing science, and to minimize potential harms, careful analysis of what it would mean for genes to be causes of human behavior is needed. In this paper, we advance a framework for identifying instances of genetic causes, interpreting those causal relationships, and applying them to advance causal knowledge more generally in the social sciences. Central to thinking about genes as causes is counterfactual reasoning, the cornerstone of causal thinking in statistics, medicine, and philosophy. We argue that within-family genetic effects represent the product of a counterfactual comparison in the same way as average treatment effects from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Both average treatment effects from RCTs and within-family genetic effects are shallow causes: they operate within intricate causal systems (non-unitary), produce heterogeneous effects across individuals (non-uniform), and are not mechanistically informative (non-explanatory). Despite these limitations, shallow causal knowledge can be used to improve understanding of the etiology of human behavior and to explore sources of heterogeneity and fade-out in treatment effects.

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Lithium: the gripping history of a psychiatric success story

Abstract: pictured in 1974, was the first person to test lithium as a treatment for biopolar disorder.

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Development of CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL using a point-of-care approach

Development of CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL using a point-of-care approach

The impact of anthropogenic inputs on lithium content in river and tap water

Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics

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