Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Readiness and Applications—A Review

Fotouhi, Abbas; Auger, Daniel J.; O’Neill, Laura; Cleaver, Tom; Waluś, Sylwia

doi:10.3390/en10121937

Cited by 146 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Reprinted with permission from Sion Power Inc. and k Oxis Energy Ltd. Reprinted with permission from Oxis Energy Ltd [348]. l 1 kW h Li-S battery pack with a high energy density of 330 W h kg −1 [349].…”

Section: Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, some Li-S battery packs shown in Fig. 16j-l including several cells connected in series were developed by Sion Power Inc., Oxis Energy Ltd. and J Chen's group [347][348][349]. Oxis Energy Ltd. also developed a battery manage system, which is a distributed type with 16 small boards connected to each cell (Fig.…”

Section: Practical Li-s Battery Soft Packagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxis Energy Ltd. also developed a battery manage system, which is a distributed type with 16 small boards connected to each cell (Fig. 16k) [348]. The temperature, current and voltage of each cell were directly measured and controlled in such structure.…”

Section: Practical Li-s Battery Soft Packagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

Yang

Adair

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

314

201

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices that have the potential to deliver energy densities that supersede that of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. Due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness, Li-S batteries have received great attention and have made great progress in the last few years. However, the insurmountable gap between fundamental research and practical application is still a major stumbling block that has hindered the commercialization of Li-S batteries. This review provides insight from an engineering point of view to discuss the reasonable structural design and parameters for the application of Li-S batteries. Firstly, a systematic analysis of various parameters (sulfur loading, electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, discharge capacity, discharge voltage, Li excess percentage, sulfur content, etc.) that influence the gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density and cost is investigated. Through comparing and analyzing the statistical information collected from recent Li-S publications to find the shortcomings of Li-S technology, we supply potential strategies aimed at addressing the major issues that are still needed to be overcome. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in the engineering of Li-S batteries are discussed.

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Section: Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Li-s Battery Soft Packagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

Yang

Adair

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

314

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,2 To meet the exponentially growing demand for the emerging battery-powered systems, many studies of high-energy-density batteries have been recently conducted worldwide. [2][3][4] Despite the substantial research advances of Li S batteries, mass production has not yet been attained due to various limitations. [2][3][4] Despite the substantial research advances of Li S batteries, mass production has not yet been attained due to various limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Lithium-sulfur (Li S) batteries exhibit the strongest potential for high-performance energy storage devices owing to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of the sulfur cathode. 3,4 For instance, present Li S batteries have limited cycling stability arising from the diffusion of soluble polysulfides as well as safety concerns caused by the lithium metal anode. 3,4 For instance, present Li S batteries have limited cycling stability arising from the diffusion of soluble polysulfides as well as safety concerns caused by the lithium metal anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Features of Electrolyte Solvents that Enable High‐Performance LiS Batteries

Kang

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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In a lithium-ion battery, the organic solvent in the electrolyte simply acts as a medium that facilitates ionic charge transfer, whereas for the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery, the choice of the electrolyte is critical as it influences the chemical nature of the soluble polysulfides and the cycling stability of the lithium metal anode. Li-S batteries currently use ether-based electrolytes with high polysulfide solubility. Until now, however, the necessary requirements and the roles of the electrolytes have been inconclusive. This work elucidates the essential features and functions of the electrolyte based on an intensive investigation into 17 variants of solvents. Furthermore, examples of electrolytes for high performance, rechargeable Li-S batteries are suggested. The three major study procedures are (1) analyzing the chemical stability of reactive polysulfide species and lithium metal in the solvents of choice, (2) inspecting the chemical reactivity of lithium metal in a polysulfide solution, and (3) evaluating the influences of the solvent on the performance of Li-S cells. Based on the chemical and electrochemical test results, we suggest that the stability of the active materials (i.e., lithium metal and lithium polysulfides) should be ensured in an electrolyte for the proper operation of Li-S cells, that chemical reactions between the polysulfide species and lithium metal should be negligible during the charge-discharge process. In addition, we have confirmed that the high polysulfide solubility is essential for high rate performance.

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Li/S

Chung¹,

Manthiram²

2020

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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Lithium–sulfur batteries are among the most promising energy‐storage devices because of their high charge‐storage capacity, low cost, and the wide availability of sulfur. Thus, it is essential to develop the potential of lithium–sulfur cells as a next‐generation rechargeable energy‐storage technology and transition them into practical battery systems. However, the design of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries with long‐term stability has encountered significant challenges due to the intrinsic materials characteristics (e.g. insulating nature of sulfur, irreversible polysulfide relocation, volume change of sulfur, lithium anode degradation, low electrolyte stability, and electrode degradation). Over the past 20 years, efforts to improve the battery performance and chemistry have resulted in new scientific insights, indicating that the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur system and its intrinsic materials challenges are further aggravated by several extrinsic technical conditions, including the cell‐fabrication parameters (e.g. the amount of sulfur, electrolyte, and lithium metal used) and the cell‐testing conditions (e.g. operating voltage window, testing temperature, and cycle rates). In order to successfully bring the lithium–sulfur battery technology to the market, we need to focus on developing high‐loading sulfur cathodes under lean electrolyte and controlled excess lithium conditions. However, it has proven extremely challenging to develop a cell that simultaneously satisfies these metrics while also displaying acceptable high electrochemical efficiency and stability. To understand these issues, the fundamental conversion battery chemistry and issues associated with lithium–sulfur system, particularly in terms of the intrinsic materials characteristics and extrinsic technical conditions are discussed in this article.

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Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Readiness and Applications—A Review

Cited by 146 publications

References 50 publications

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

Essential Features of Electrolyte Solvents that Enable High‐Performance LiS Batteries

Li/S

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