Lithium Storage Properties of Pristine and (Mg, Cu) Codoped ZnFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles

Abstract

ZnFe2O4 and MgxCu0.2Zn0.82-xFe1.98O4 (where x = 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel assisted combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area studies were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. ZnFe2O4 and the doped compounds crystallize in Fd3m space group. The lattice parameter of ZnFe2O4 is calculated to be a = 8.448(3) Å, while the doped compounds show a slight decrease in the lattice parameter with an increase in the Mg content. The particle size of all the compositions are in the range of ∼50-80 nm, and the surface area of the compounds are in the range of 11-12 m(2) g(-1). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the different compositions. The as-synthesized samples at 600 °C show large-capacity fading, while the samples reheated at 800 °C show better cycling stability. ZnFe2O4 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 575 mAh g(-1) after 60 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g(-1). Mg0.2Cu0.2Zn0.62Fe1.98O4 shows a similar capacity of 576 mAh g(-1) after 60 cycles with better capacity retention.

Sonochemical synthesis of Gd3+ doped CoFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles and its physical properties

“…[16][17][18]. Among them, sonochemical synthesis method is advantageous for the synthesis of nanoparticles due to simple, good control of size, highly monodispersed nanoparticles, and very small nanoparticles, etc.…”

Zn substitution NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with enhanced conductivity as high-performances electrodes for lithium ion batteries

“…The band at ∼650 cm −1 for ZnFe 2 O 4 corresponds to motion of oxygen in the ZnO 4 tetrahedral. Previous papers also offer the same explanation [48][49][50][51][52][53]. Upon with Ni + substitution the high frequency band ranges from ~630 to ~670 due to the change in the environment of the tetrahedral.…”

“…Normal spinel structure ZnFe 2 O 4 permits five active Raman modes (A 1g + E g +3T 2g ) [48,49]. Usually, wave numbers above 600 cm -1 mostly corresponds to the motion of oxygen in tetrahedral AO 4 groups that are of the A 1g type, while the low frequency phonon modes are related to metal ion involved in octahedral sites (BO 6 ) [50,51].…”

A facile microwave-assisted approach to the synthesis of flower-like ZnCo2O4 anode materials for Li-ion batteries

“…22 It is desirable to be made to replace Co in Co 3 O 4 by other cheaper and alternative elements which are friendly to environment like MCo 2 O 4 (M ¼ Zn, Cu, Ni, Mg, Fe and Mn) 11,18,20,[22][23][24][25][26] generally having higher reversible capacity 27 by concluded that metals with inverse spinel structure can be incorporated with more Li ions, compared to mixed and normal spinel. 15,28 Various chemical and physical methods have been adopted for the preparation of these metal oxides. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and some Li + diffusion problems which will cause worse electrochemical preference such as voltage hysteresis and spinel broken spinel lattice.…”