Lithium storage in conductive sulfur-containing polymers

Yu, Xin; Xie, Jian; Yang, Jun; Huang, Hai-jiang; Wang, Ke; Wen, Zhongsheng

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.07.004

Cited by 96 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Combined with abundant resources and low cost, sulfur shows great potential as the cathode for the next generation of high-performance lithium batteries. Recently, it is reported that the sulfur composite prepared by the sulfurization of polyacrylonitrile shows good electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfur composite electrode at different temperature and current density in rechargeable lithium batteries

Ren

et al. 2007

Ionics

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The charge/discharge characteristics of the sulfur composite cathodes were investigated at different temperatures and different current densities. The composite presented the discharge capacities of 854 and 632 mAh g −1 at 60 and −20°C, respectively, while it had the discharge capacities of 792 mAh g −1 at 25°C. The composite presented the discharge capacities of 792 and 604 mAh g −1 at 55.6 and 667 mA g −1 , respectively, at room temperature. The results showed that the sulfur composite cathodes presented good charge/discharge characteristics between 60 and −20°C and at a high c-rate up to 667 mA g −1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfur composite electrode at different temperature and current density in rechargeable lithium batteries

Ren

et al. 2007

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“…As shown in Figure 1, the double-plateau profiles disappeared after the first lithiation: this is due to the nanoscopic redistribution of sulfur/polysulfides that is a well-known phenomenon among S/PANbased composites (Wang et al, 2002;Yu et al, 2004;Fanous et al, 2011;Doan et al, 2013;Zhang, 2014).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 84%

“…So far, S/PAN composites show relatively stable cycle life performance even in LiPF 6 /carbonate-based electrolyte solutions (note that any other composites cannot be used in LiPF 6 /carbonate-based electrolyte solutions because of irreversible polysulfides-carbonate reactions) (Wang et al, 2002(Wang et al, , 2003Yu et al, 2004;Fanous et al, 2011;Doan et al, 2013Doan et al, , 2014Zhang et al, 2013d,e;Konarov et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Zhang, 2014): it has been explained that the nanoscopic (or sub-nanoscopic) distribution of sulfur/polysulfides in cyclized PAN contributes to the polysulfide stabilization (Wang et al, 2002(Wang et al, , 2003Yu et al, 2004;Fanous et al, 2011;Doan et al, 2013;Zhang, 2014). S/PAN binary composites (Wang et al, 2002) or S/PAN/conducting carbon ternary composites (Wang et al, 2003) were first suggested by Wang et al Recently, S/PAN composites with nanosized additives, such as S/PAN/nanosized Mg 0.6 Ni 0.4 O (MNO) (Zhang et al, 2013d), S/PAN/graphene (Zhang et al, 2013e), and S/PAN/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) , were intensively investigated by the research groups of University of Waterloo (Canada) and Nazarbayev University (Kazakhstan), and it is likely that the use of nanosized filler (either conducting or non-conducting; conducting ones tend to show better rate performance, of course) can contribute to a better cycle life performance than the composites without nanosized fillers probably owing to the more homogeneous sulfur distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mass-Loading of Sulfur-Based Cathode Composites and Polysulfides Stabilization for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Hara

Konarov²,

Mentbayeva

et al. 2015

Front. Energy Res.

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Citation:Hara T, Konarov A, Mentbayeva A, Kurmanbayeva I and Bakenov Z (2015) Although sulfur has a high theoretical gravimetric capacity, 1672 mAh/g, its insulating nature requires a large amount of conducting additives: this tends to result in a low massloading of active material (sulfur), and thereby, a lower capacity than expected. Therefore, an optimal choice of conducting agents and of the method for sulfur/conductingagent integration is critically important. In this paper, we report that the areal capacity of 4.9 mAh/cm 2 was achieved at sulfur mass loading of 4.1 mg/cm 2 by casting sulfur/polyacrylonitrile/ketjenblack (S/PAN/KB) cathode composite into carbon fiber paper. This is the highest value among published/reported ones even though it does not contain expensive nanosized carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or graphene derivatives, and competitive enough with the conventional LiCoO 2 -based cathodes (e.g., LiCoO 2 , <20 mg/cm 2 corresponding to <2.8 mAh/cm 2 ). Furthermore, the combination of sulfur/PAN-based composite and PAN-based carbon fiber paper enabled the sulfurbased composite to be used even in carbonate-based electrolyte solution that many lithium/sulfur battery researchers avoid the use of it because of severer irreversible active material loss than in electrolyte solutions without carbonate-based solutions, and even at the highest mass-loading ever reported (the more sulfur is loaded, the more decomposed sulfides deposit at an anode surface).

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“…Recently, it was reported that lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells with liquid electrolytes had critical drawbacks in the aspects of cycle life, rate capability, and sulfur utilization [1][2][3][4]. Wang et al [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] reported that the sulfur composites, which were prepared by sulfurization of polyacrylonitrile with elemental sulfur, showed novel performances compared to elemental sulfur cathode and effectively overcame the problems occurring in sulfur electrodes. The sulfur composite presented high specific capacity over 800 mAh g −1 and excellent cycleability [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], showing that the sulfur composite was an alternative promising candidate cathode material for high-performance cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characteristics of sulfur composite cathode for reversible lithium storage

Ren

Wang

et al. 2008

Ionics

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The electrochemical characteristics of the sulfur composite cathode for reversible lithium storage were investigated. The sulfur composites showed novel electrochemical characteristics as well as high specific capacity and good cycleability. The sulfur composite presented the average discharge voltage of 1.9 V, which was just the half of conventional LiCoO 2 cathode materials, indicating that the double cells in series presented the same working voltage as conventional LiCoO 2 cells and meaning that the sulfur composite cells will have good interchangeability with conventional LiCoO 2 cells. The overcharge test showed that the sulfur composite cell cannot be charged over 5.0 V, indicating that the sulfur composite cell presented the intrinsic safety for overcharge. Overcharge can cause serious problems for the conventional Li ion cells. The overcharge test also showed that the sulfur composite cell was destroyed when the cell was charged over 4.0 V, resulting in that the cell cannot normally be discharged again. It is found, however, that the sulfur composite cell can be discharged again at very low current density of a 0.002-C rate after the cell was overcharged. Being much safer than lithium metal anode, the graphite anode was used to fabricate sulfur composite/graphite lithium ion cells with a prelithiated sulfur composite cathode, which was produced by electrochemical lithiation. The charge/ discharge and cycling characteristics of the sulfur composite/ graphite cell was investigated. The result showed that the sulfur composite/graphite cells can be normally cycled and showed the different voltages from that of the cell with the lithium metal anode. This paves the effective way to fabricate safer sulfur composite/graphite lithium ion cells.

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Lithium storage in conductive sulfur-containing polymers

Cited by 96 publications

References 38 publications

Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfur composite electrode at different temperature and current density in rechargeable lithium batteries

Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfur composite electrode at different temperature and current density in rechargeable lithium batteries

High Mass-Loading of Sulfur-Based Cathode Composites and Polysulfides Stabilization for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Electrochemical characteristics of sulfur composite cathode for reversible lithium storage

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