Lithium sources in oilfield waters from the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau: Geochemical and Li isotopic evidence

Li, Jiansen; Chen, Fukun; Ling, Zhiyong; Li, Tingwei

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104481

Cited by 16 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Variations in the grades of Li in the Qianjiang brines can be revealed by plotting Li contents against salinity and Cl/Br molar ratios. Figure 6a shows a weak correlation, which is incompatible with the fact that the residual brines have higher Li concentrations 17 . A negative correlation is shown in the Fig.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Pattern and Origin Of LI In Brinesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…7d). So, the distribution patterns for TDS and Br Weathering of igneous rocks and hydrothermal supplies associated with volcanic activity have been suggested to interpret the sources of Li-enriched brines 17,[35][36][37][38] . The geographic distribution pattern for Li concentrations of these brines in the Qianjiang Depression, in combination with the widely developed volcanic rocks in the Jianghan Basin, indicates that Li enrichment in brines is more likely to be associated with geothermal sources during volcanic activity 39,40 .…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Pattern and Origin Of LI In Brinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium and brine geochemistry in the Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin, central China

Wang

Huang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The Li-enriched oilfield brine is a very important lithium resource. It has gained much attention and become the target of active Li surveys with the growing global demand for Li. However, only little is known about their feature and nature. In the study, hydrochemical data from 155 oil wells tapping the Eocene to Lower Oligocene Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin, central China indicate that the brines are of the Na–Cl or Na–Ca–Cl type and are characterized by highly variable Li contents of 7.56 to 150 mg/L, with Mg/Li ratios less than 11.65. High Na/Cl and Cl/Br molar ratios indicate distinct contributions from halite dissolution. The Ca excess, Na deficit and Ca/Mg and Ca/Sr molar ratios in the brines imply multiple diagenetic processes, including halite dissolution, dolomitization, albitization and calcite or anhydrite cementation. The lithium contents of these brines have a weak relationship with the salinity and a negative correlation with Cl/Br ratios, possibly indicating that these Qianjiang oilfield brines have been diluted by secondary brines derived from halite dissolution. The spatial distribution patterns for Li and B concentrations of the brines are different from those for salinity and Br contents and show a geographic pattern, indicating that Li enrichment in the Qianjiang brines is likely connected with geothermal sources associated with volcanic activity.

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Section: Spatial Distribution Pattern and Origin Of LI In Brinesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Spatial Distribution Pattern and Origin Of LI In Brinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium and brine geochemistry in the Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin, central China

Wang

Huang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In contrast, the Li isotopic composition and the brine concentration in Bolivia and northern Chile suggest that the brine source is the weathering products of volcanic Bottomley et al 2003;Capo et al 2014;Chan et al 2002;Chapman et al 2012;Harkness et al 2017;Innocent et al 2021a;Li et al 2021;Macpherson et al 2014;Macpherson, 2015;Meredith et al 2013;Millot et al 2011;Pfister et al 2017;Phan et al 2016Phan et al , 2018Phan et al , 2020Rowan et al 2015;Teichert et al 2020;Wang et al 2018a, b;Warner et al 2014;Williams et al 2015Shallow fresh groundwater −5.81 to 30.1 Boschetti et al 2013Godfrey et al 2013;Harkness et al 2017;He et al 2020;Hogan and Blum 2003;Innocent et al 2021b;Liu et al 2015;Meredith et al 2013;Millot et al 2011;Négrel and Millot, 2019;Négrel et al 2010Négrel et al , 2012Pfister et al 2017;Phan et al 2016;Pogge von Strandmann et al 2014;Scholz et al 2010;Tomascak et al 2003;Warner et al 2014;Xiao et al 1994cHydrothermal fluids −10.36 to 34.8 Bernal et al 2014...…”

Section: Application Of LI Isotopes In Deep Groundwater Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the surrounding rock minerals, an extensive range of δ 7 Li values is observed in different water bodies in nature. It indicates that the isotopic composition of Li in the deep groundwater is dependent upon both the source and subsequent hydrochemical evolution based on the geological setting (Li et al 2021). Instead, the source of Li-rich deep groundwater is originated from the dissolution of Li-rich minerals and controlled by various genetic types of water such as residual water from ancient lakes, surface water infiltrating along deep faults, and deep hydrothermal fluids (Li et al 2021;Wang et al 2018b).…”

Section: Application Of LI Isotopes In Deep Groundwater Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cl, Br, B, Li, and noble gases isotopes to study the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in sedimentary basins: a review

et al. 2022

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Deep groundwater characteristics provide valuable information on oil and gas extraction and evolution of hydrosphere, and nonmetallic and metallic elements in deep groundwater are raising industrial interest. There is therefore a need for a better understanding of the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in large sedimentary basins, e.g., by using non-traditional isotopes. Here, we review the constraints of isotopes of chloride (Cl), bromine (Br), boron (B), lithium (Li), helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) on the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in large sedimentary basins. In deep groundwater, δ 37 Cl ranges from −1.96 to + 2.07‰, δ 81 Br from −1.50 to + 3.35‰, δ 11 B from + 1.10 to + 39.99‰, and δ 7 Li from −1.00 to + 31.80‰. These values either overlap or are different compared to those in freshwater, e.g., meteoric water, river water and shallow groundwater, hydrothermal fluid, seawater, subsurface brine, lake sediment, or mineral. Noble gas isotopes such as 3 He/ 4 He, 4 He/ 20 Ne, and 36 Ar/ 40 Ar are also effective tracers for deep groundwater evolution. Integrating multiple nontraditional isotopes allows to study dissolution, sedimentation, evaporation, and mixing of different waters in deep aquifers.

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“…area) of playas containing surface and intercrystalline brines, geological explorations have revealed that large volumes of deep-buried brines occur in the western QB (Fu et al, 2005;Fan et al, 2007;Tan et al, 2011;Li et al, 2014Li et al, , 2015Li et al, , 2021aYue et al, 2019). These brines generally have high contents of K, Li, Sr and B, and therefore are considered as promising resources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of Neogene Formation Waters in the Central Qaidam Basin: Clues from Hydrochemistry and Stable D‐O‐S‐Sr Isotopes

HAN,

PAN,

et al. 2023

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Geological explorations have revealed plentiful Neogene formation waters in the anticlines in the central Qaidam Basin (QB). However, the hydrochemistry and origin of these waters are obscure. In this study, the hydrochemistry and D–O–S–Sr isotopes of these formation waters were determined to study their origin and evolution. The formation waters are enriched in Na–Ca–Cl, and depleted in Mg–K–SO4–HCO3 ions with elevated Li–B–Br–Sr elements. The D–O isotopes approve that the formation waters are originated from weak–evaporated meteoric waters, and experienced water–rock interactions. The ion comparisons and Caexcess–Nadeficit diagrams suggest that solute sources of these waters include the evaporite dissolution, water–rock interaction, minor residual lake brines. Bacterial sulfate reduction and water–rock interactions are supported by the high S–Sr isotopes. The enriched Li–B–Br–Sr concentrations of these waters are in accord with the high geochemical background values of the QB. The genesis of the formation waters can be concluded that meteoric waters from the southern Kunlun Mountains were discharged into the basin, weakly evaporated, and then infiltrated into the Neogene strata through the faults leaching the soluble ions and mixing with residual lake brines, and experienced water‐rock interactions and sulphate reduction process.

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Lithium sources in oilfield waters from the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau: Geochemical and Li isotopic evidence

Cited by 16 publications

References 77 publications

Lithium and brine geochemistry in the Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin, central China

Lithium and brine geochemistry in the Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin, central China

Cl, Br, B, Li, and noble gases isotopes to study the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in sedimentary basins: a review

Genesis of Neogene Formation Waters in the Central Qaidam Basin: Clues from Hydrochemistry and Stable D‐O‐S‐Sr Isotopes

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