Lithium–Organic Nanocomposite Suspension for High-Energy-Density Redox Flow Batteries

Chen, Hongning; Zhou, Yucun; Lu, Yi‐Chun

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01257

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[9][10][11] In particular, recent studies on non-aqueous all-organic RFBs (NORFBs) have demonstrated the great promise for achieving high energy densities in these systems without the concerns associated with water electrolysis, which typically limits the working voltage to a narrow range and thus leads to a rather low energy density in aqueous RFBs. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Despite the great potential of organic RFBs, their practical energy density remains very low. 10 The energy density of ROM-based RFBs is dependent on the following…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired Molecular Redesign of a Multi-redox Catholyte for High-Energy Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2019

Chem

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired Molecular Redesign of a Multi-redox Catholyte for High-Energy Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2019

Chem

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“…In a GITT test (Figure S4, Supporting Information) that resembles an intermittent charge/discharge test with prolonged reaction time, the utilization can be improved to 82.3% which is slightly lower than the highest reported utilization results . Considering a 82.3% utilization and 41% loading ratio of NVP, and a maximum concentration of mediators (0.3 m for MPTZ and 0.9 m for FL), the half‐cell capacity is estimated to be 137 Ah L −1 (5.1 m , 17 times of 0.3 m of MPTZ) and 81 Ah L −1 (3.1 m , 3 times of 0.9 m of FL) for catholyte and anolyte, respectively, corresponding to a full‐cell energy density of 88 Wh L −1 . A catholyte‐controlled full cell was then constructed to concomitantly demonstrate the operations of both anodic and cathodic SMRT reactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Ideally, to realize SMRT reaction in both directions, E E RM O NVP O − should equal to 0. [36] For nonaqueous redox flow batteries, various phenothiazine derivatives have also been reported among which the highest solubility is 0.5 m achieved with N-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]phenothiazine (MEEPT). Apart from molecular engineering and searching for new molecules, altering the solvation environment with different solvents is another effective way in nonaqueous system to manipulate the equilibrium redox potential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] It is worth noting that, although the potential difference of FL and NVP is only 20 mV in pure TEGDME, the reversible SMRT reaction was not observed (in 0.10 m anolyte) until the concentration increased to 0.25 m ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). [26] Considering a 82.3% utilization and 41% loading ratio of NVP, and a maximum concentration of mediators (0.3 m for MPTZ [36] and 0.9 m for FL [40] ), the halfcell capacity is estimated to be 137 Ah L −1 (5.1 m, 17 times of 0.3 m of MPTZ) and 81 Ah L −1 (3.1 m, 3 times of 0.9 m of FL) for catholyte and anolyte, respectively, corresponding to a full-cell energy density of 88 Wh L −1 . The dependence of SMRT reaction rate to concentration will be studied and discussed later.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPTZ is a well‐studied redox shuttle molecule for overcharge protection in Li‐ion batteries, for which the first oxidation is highly stable and reversible while the formation of radical dication in the second oxidation is found to be detrimental to the molecule stability. Recently, MPTZ has been applied as mediator for Li‐O 2 battery and as active material in a semisolid flow battery . For nonaqueous redox flow batteries, various phenothiazine derivatives have also been reported among which the highest solubility is 0.5 m achieved with N‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl]phenothiazine (MEEPT) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Zhou

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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like wind and solar for electricity generation. The growth will go on accelerating to replace the fossil fuels in the future. [1] At the same time, the intermittent nature of these power sources necessitates a durable and cost-effective energy storage system to meet the huge demands for peak shifting and power buffering for GWscale systems. Considering the scalability, operation safety, and flexibility, redox flow battery (RFB) is regarded as one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies which have found their own niche for the large-scale energy storage applications. [2] Unlike other rivals such as lithium ion battery and leadacid battery, RFB stores energy in mobilized electrolyte solutions other than in solid active materials coated on electrode sheets. The design that the redox active compounds circulate between the storage reservoir and cell stack with the aid of pumps, enables decoupled energy storage and power generation.However, the conventional redox flow batteries severely suffer from low energy density (<40 Wh L −1 ) as a result of limited solubility of redox species and low cell voltage, which adds on the footprint and capital cost of the system, impeding its practical deployment. [3] To improve the energy density, various aprotic RFBs have been explored for enhanced cell voltage. [4,5] However, because of the low solubility of aprotic solvents to many redox active compounds, [6] the reported high energy aprotic RFBs are limited to a few systems such as polyiodide, [7] redox-active ionic liquids, [8,9] deep eutectics, [10] and hybrid electrolyte. [11,12] Through molecular engineering, metallocene such as ferrocene derivatives [13,14] and redox-active organic materials [15][16][17][18][19] such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl derivatives [17] and benzothiadiazole [16] have recently been reported to have good solubility and potentially high energy density. Although the solubility can reach up to 5 m in pure solvent, taking the supporting salts and electrolyte viscosity into consideration, the practical concentration of those molecules remains limited to <2 m.[2] By forming slurry of solid active materials with conducting carbon additives, semisolid flow cells that utilize solid suspensions represent an alternative way to increase the effective concentration. [20] Although the energy density can in theory be increased considerably, these cells may have critical issues on fluid conductivities and Redox flow batteries have considerable advantages of system scalability and operation flexibility over other battery technologies, which makes them promising for large-scale energy storage application. However, they suffer from low energy density and consequently relatively high cost for a nominal energy output. Redox targeting-based flow batteries are employed by incorporating solid energy storage materials in the tank and present energy density far beyond the solubility limit of the electrolytes. The success of this concept relies on paring suitable redox mediators with solid mate...

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Redox‐Active Inorganic Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Luo

Debruler

et al. 2019

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Continuous growth in utilization of renewable but intermittent energy such as solar and wind will accelerate the demand for grid‐scale energy storage systems. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been intensively studied for large‐scale energy storage (MW/MWh), which is particularly attractive when integrated with renewable energy sources. In past decades, extensive efforts have been made to improve electrochemical performance of the RFBs by exploring various active materials, from inorganic redox‐active materials to organic redox‐active molecules. Compared to burgeoning organic RFBs, inorganic RFBs have received extensive research and development in the last several decades. A great deal of efforts has been exerted to commercialize several inorganic RFB systems such as all‐vanadium RFBs and zinc–bromine RFBs. In this article, inorganic redox‐active materials (e.g., metal salts, halides, polysulfides, polyoxometalate (POM), etc.) applied in RFBs are reviewed with a primary focus on their most recent technological advances in aqueous inorganic RFBs. The advantages and limitations of different inorganic RFBs are discussed. Further technological challenges and perspective on inorganic RFBs are also highlighted.

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Lithium–Organic Nanocomposite Suspension for High-Energy-Density Redox Flow Batteries

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Bio-inspired Molecular Redesign of a Multi-redox Catholyte for High-Energy Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Bio-inspired Molecular Redesign of a Multi-redox Catholyte for High-Energy Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Redox‐Active Inorganic Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

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Lithium–Organic Nanocomposite Suspension for High-Energy-Density Redox Flow Batteries

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Bio-inspired Molecular Redesign of a Multi-redox Catholyte for High-Energy Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Bio-inspired Molecular Redesign of a Multi-redox Catholyte for High-Energy Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Na3V2(PO4)3 as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery

Redox‐Active Inorganic Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

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Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as the Sole Solid Energy Storage Material for Redox Flow Sodium‐Ion Battery