Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide Recovery via Spray Pyrolysis Directly from the Leachate of Spent Cathode Scraps

Abstract

Currently extensive attention on reuse and recovery of spent lithium ion batteries has been paid by researchers, especially for power applications in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) batteries. In our work, a facile and green closed-cycle process with superior recovery efficiency of over 98% is proposed to recycle spent NCM materials. The metal ions are first leached out by organic acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and then the sphere-like NCM particles are regenerated directly from the leachate by self-made spray pyrolysis. The regenerated NCM exhibits excellent cycling retention and superior rate performance than the spent NCM and fresh NCM. The manufactured batteries display initial capacities of 157.1 and 154.3 mAh g −1 for half and full batteries, respectively, and exhibit better rate and cycling performance than those of spent NCM electrode. The investigation of spray pyrolysis will offer an innovation idea for the recycling of spent lithium ion batteries.

Electrochemical Relithiation for Direct Regeneration of LiCoO2 Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

“…While less than 5% of spent LIBs are recycled today, there has been an increase in the studies of various recovering/recycling technologies. , LIB recovery can be conducted in two ways: first, recovering chemicals like LiCO 3 , LiCl, or Co 3 O 4 , which would need further conversion to LiCoO 2 , and second, direct recovery of LiCoO 2 materials that can be used to make new electrodes. , Extraction can be accomplished using acid leaching, − solvent extraction, − precipitation, , or thermal treatment (sintering and melting techniques). − For example, H 3 PO 4 was studied as both a reducing and precipitating agent to efficiently dissolve and recover Li + from LiCoO 2 . Under a condition of 363 K, 2% v/v H 3 PO 4 and H 2 C 2 O 4 with 60 min of reaction time, lithium was recovered as Li 3 PO 4 with a recovery efficiency of 88%, and at the same time, 99% of cobalt was recovered as CoC 2 O 4 .…”

Pyrometallurgical Technology in the Recycling of a Spent Lithium Ion Battery: Evolution and the Challenge

“…In the process of spray pyrolysis, the solution enters the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace in the form of a spray, and the liquid droplets are supersaturated to precipitate the solid-phase powder. In the research of Zheng et al, 70 the metal salts are introduced to supply the Li/Ni/Co/Mn element, then the precursor powder is obtained through a spray pyrolysis device at 600 °C. Finally, the precursor was calcinated at 800 °C for 6 h to regenerate the NCM powder.…”

Multimodal Capturing of Polysulfides by Phosphorus‐Doped Carbon Composites for Flexible High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Among the various types of advanced batteries currently in development to replace LIBs, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising candidates owing to their high economic feasibility, nontoxicity, and naturally abundant active materials available for the cathode. [ 2 ] The elemental sulfur (S) cathode (S 8 ) has an extraordinarily high theoretical capacity of 1672 mAh g −1 considering a two‐electron system during the complete electrochemical reaction, [ 3,4 ] which is approximately tenfold larger than that of conventional active materials for LIBs, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM; LiNi 1‐ x ‐ y Co x Mn y O 2 , layer‐structured), [ 5 ] lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA; LiNi 1‐ x ‐ y Co x Al y O 2 , layer‐structured), [ 6 ] and lithium iron phosphate (LFP; LiFePO 4 , olivine‐structured). [ 7 ] Therefore, Li–S batteries show a specific energy density of ≈2600 Wh kg −1 based on an average operation voltage of 2.2 V versus Li/Li + .…”