Lithium-Ion Capacitor: Analysis of Thermal Behavior and Development of Three-Dimensional Thermal Model

Abstract

The large push for more environmental energy storage solutions for the automotive industry by different actors has led to the usage of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) combining the features of both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and electric-double layer capacitors (EDLCs). In this paper, the thermal behavior of two types of advanced LICs has been thoroughly studied and analyzed by developing a three-dimensional (3D) thermal model in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Such an extensive and accurate thermal 3D has not been fully addressed in literature, which is a key building block for designing battery packs with an adequate thermal management. After an extensive measurement campaign, the high accuracy of the developed model in this paper is proven for two types of LICs, the 3300 F and the 2300 F. An error between the simulation and measurements is maximum 2 °C. This 3D model has been developed to gain insight in the thermal behavior of LICs, which is necessary to develop a thermal management system, which can ensure the safe operation of LICs when used in modules or packs.

A Comprehensive Review of Lithium-Ion Capacitor Technology: Theory, Development, Modeling, Thermal Management Systems, and Applications

“…R th(i) and R conv(i) are the thermal resistance from the middle point to side i, and convectional thermal resistance from side i to the ambient. The same model has been used in another work for thermal conductivity calculations in various directions for a prismatic 2300 F cell [ 123 ]. The extracted parameters were then utilized in another work for temperature uniformity analysis of LiCs [ 6 ].…”

Investigation of a Passive Thermal Management System for Lithium-Ion Capacitors

“…The dual-cell LiC model is based on the single model of a LiC that was developed and validated in previous studies [6], [8], [14]. With reference to [6], [8], [14], the model equations and parameters are the same used in this study.…”

“…As explained in the literature [13], the internal resistance of an aged cell is higher than a fresh one, therefore, it generates more heat and consequently, its lifetime decreases even faster. For example, in [14], a LiC tested at 25°C at 50 A shows a rapid temperature behavior for which the final temperature point is around 50°C. If not controlled, the thermal behavior of the LiC can lead to overheating, and in worst case thermal runaways led by an explosion.…”

Hybrid Battery/Lithium-Ion Capacitor Energy Storage System for a Pure Electric Bus for an Urban Transportation Application

“…A transient heat equation which is derived from the first law of thermodynamics is used to describe the thermal distribution in the LiB cell, where the amount of generated heat must be stored inside the cell or transferred from the cell to its surroundings [16]: (2) where ⁄ and K denote the heat source and the temperature of the cell, respectively. The heat flux transferred from the cell to its surroundings is expressed as follows:…”

“…A transient heat equation which is derived from the first law of thermodynamics is used to describe the thermal distribution in the LiB cell, where the amount of generated heat must be stored inside the cell or transferred from the cell to its surroundings [16]:…”