Lithium-Ion Battery Management System: A Lifecycle Evaluation Model for the Use in the Development of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Abstract. The use of Lithium-ion batteries in the automobile sector has expanded drastically in the recent years. The foreseen increment of lithium to power electric and hybrid electric vehicles has provoked specialists to analyze the long term credibility of lithium as a transportation asset. To give a better picture of future accessibility, this paper exhibits a life cycle model for the key procedures and materials associated with the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery life cycle, on a worldwide scale. This model tracks the flow of lithium and energy sources from extraction, to generation, to on road utilization, and the role of reusing and scrapping. This life cycle evaluation model is the initial phase in building up an examination model for the lithium ion battery production that would enable the policymakers to survey the future importance of lithium battery recycling, and when in time setting up a reusing foundation be made necessary.

Perspectives onLi‐ionbattery categories for electric vehicle applications: A review of state of the art

“…Lithium-ion storage is predominant. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Li-ion batteries have high energy density, operate with high performance, and have lower acquisition costs compared with other types of batteries. 18,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Article reviews have compiled key information on this research area.…”

“…The main categories of batteries used in electric propulsion systems (SPE) are: lithium ion (Li‐ion), molten salt (Na − N i Cl 2 ), nickel metal hydride (N i − MH), and lithium sulfur (L i − S). Lithium‐ion storage is predominant 15‐26 . Li‐ion batteries have high energy density, operate with high performance, and have lower acquisition costs compared with other types of batteries 18,27‐35 .…”

Real-Time Prediction of Capacity Fade and Remaining Useful Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Charge/Discharge Characteristics

“…Hence, it is difficult to accurately predict the remaining useful life (RUL) using theoretical models based on the mechanism of functional degradation by utilizing the data from experimental measurements of state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and state of life (SOL) because of these nonlinear characteristics [4]. Moreover, the battery characteristics are determined by various features such as the microscopic structure of the active materials in the anode and cathode, as well as the operation environment, conditions, and frequency of use [5,6]. It is cumbersome to set the requirements according to the characteristics of the target applications.…”