Lithium-Ion Batteries’ Energy Efficiency Prediction Using Physics-Based and State-of-the-Art Artificial Neural Network-Based Models

Abstract

The new generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) possesses considerable energy density that arise the safety concern much more than before. One of the main issues associated with LIB safety is the heat generation and thermal runaway in LIBs. The importance of characterizing the heat generation in LIBs is reflected in numerous studies. The heat generation in LIBs can be related to energy efficiency as well. In this work, the heat generation in LIB is predicted using two different approaches (physics-based and machine learning-based approaches). A validated multiphysics-based and neural network-based models for commercial LIBs with lithium iron phosphate/graphite (LFP/G), lithium manganese oxide/graphite (LMO/G), and lithium cobalt oxide/graphite (LCO/G) electrodes are used to predict the heat generation toward shaping the LIB energy efficiency contours, illustrating the effect of the nominal capacity as a key parameter in the manufacturing process of the LIBs. The developed contours can provide the energy systems designers a comprehensive view over the accurate efficiency of LIBs when they need to incorporate LIBs into their devices. In addition, the effect of temperature on charge/discharge energy efficiency of LFP/graphite LIBs is obtained, and the performance of three typical LIBs in the market at a very low temperature is compared, which have a wide range of applications from consumer applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) to industrial applications such as uninterruptible power sources (UPSes).

Effect of Ambient Temperature and Discharge Current on Thermo-Electrochemical Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Cells Using Surrogate Modelling and Analysis

“…The thermo-electrochemical characterization of lithium-ion batteries can be performed utilizing thermo-electrochemical (physics-based) 35,36 modelling or data-driven modelling techniques (DDM). 33,34,37 Physics-based models simulate the behaviour using governing equations based on the conservation of species and charge in the cell. These mathematical equations contain various internal parameters, including charge concentration in anode and cathode, particle radius, transference number, and ionic and thermal conductivity of electrolytes and electrodes, which are difficult to measure for commercial cells.…”

“…Chang et al 29 reported that the maximum temperature rise at −20 °C is 8.8 times higher compared to 35 °C ambient temperature. Similarly, different research groups [30][31][32][33][34] have investigated the impact of climate temperature and discharge current on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, the scope of these studies is limited to narrow operating conditions, which does not allow for exploration across a broad range of operating conditions for the Indian sub-continent, ranging from 0 °C to 45 °C and discharge rates of 0.5C to 3C.…”

Unsupervised Neural Networks for Identification of Aging Conditions in Li-Ion Batteries

“…), calculable by using a wide variety of well-known techniques, grouped in [14,15]. Some authors recently studied physical correlations to define the actual SoH, such as [16,17]. Others have proposed the study of the incremental capacity curves from laboratory analysis [18,19].…”

Study on the Capacity Fading Effect of Low-Rate Charging on Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environment

“…The capacity degradation caused by this portion of the lithium plating is also restored, but the unrestored lithium plating continues to be in the growth on the negative SEI film, and lithium dendrites on the plating will continue to grow and even puncture the separator under mechanical stress, causing short circuit and premature failure in the battery [21]. Nazari et al [22] simulated the charging and discharging energy efficiency of LFP/graphite, LMO/graphite and LCO/graphite batteries with different capacities at −20 • C. The results show that at an extremely low temperature of −20 • C, the particle size in the cathode plays a crucial role in maintaining the charge and discharge efficiency of the lithium-ion battery at a high C-rate. Generally speaking, the smaller the particles, the higher the charging and discharging efficiency of the lithium-ion battery.…”